本文選題：重商主義 + 路易十四��； 參考：《華中師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：晚期重商主義不再遵循早期重商主義限制金錢輸出的觀點,而是強調金錢的流動、貿易的發(fā)展、限制外國商品的輸入、在國與國貿易中保持“貿易順差”。16-18世紀期間,重商主義無論是在理論著作、學說方面還是在國家政治經濟方面都有長足的發(fā)展,以至于在歐洲范圍了一股形成了 “重商主義潮流”。歐洲各主要國家加入到這一潮流中去,紛紛在國內利用行政力量干預經濟發(fā)展。荷蘭和英國搭上了重商主義這班“快車”,一個成為17世紀的“霸主”,一個成為緊跟其后的第二大經濟體。不甘屈尊其后的法國也抓住這個機會,在國內推行重商主義政策,大力促進國內工商制造業(yè)和貿易業(yè)發(fā)展。重商主義政策的施行使財富得到了積累,為法國的政治、文化和軍事的繁榮昌盛奠定基礎,同時提升了法國綜合實力和國際影響力。路易十四在位時期是法國中央集權上升到絕對主義王權的時期。擁有絕對主義王權的路易十四,可以動用國家一切力量支持重商主義經濟發(fā)展。如授予工商制造業(yè)、海外貿易公司一些特權等。其實,法國的重商主義政策就是絕對主義王權在經濟方面的體現(xiàn)。除此之外,路易十四任用有政治眼光和經濟頭腦的柯爾伯(Jean-Baptiste Colbert)為財政大臣,負責重商主義政策實施的各項工作�？聽柌錾碛诮浬淌兰�,深諳“商業(yè)是財富源泉”之道;又多年為馬扎然打理家產,積累了很多財政方面的經驗,因此在柯爾伯擔任法國財政大臣時,雇傭商人為“智囊團”聽取他們的意見和建議。在宗教信仰方面,柯爾伯不拘一格,只要是能為法國經濟發(fā)展做貢獻的人才,柯爾伯不管其是否是新教徒身份。經過重商主義的發(fā)展,法國綜合國力達到的頂峰,也成就了路易十四“太陽王”的稱號。然而,由于路易十四后期窮兵黷武、重商主義核心人物柯爾伯的去世,法國重商主義政策帶來的財富逐漸被消耗殆盡。隨著法國財政赤字逐年增加,最終醞釀成巨大的財政危機,為法國大革命埋下了禍根。
[Abstract]:The late mercantilism no longer followed the view of the early mercantilism to restrict the export of money, but emphasized the flow of money, the development of trade, the restriction of the import of foreign goods, and the maintenance of a "trade surplus" between countries during the 16-18th century. Mercantilism has made great progress in both theoretical works, doctrine and national politics and economy, so that a trend of mercantilism has been formed in Europe. Major European countries have joined the trend, using administrative power to interfere with economic development at home. The Netherlands and Britain took the mercantilist fast train, one to become the 17 th-century hegemon and the other the second largest economy to follow. Unwilling to condescend to the subsequent France also seized this opportunity to promote domestic mercantilism policy and vigorously promote domestic industrial and commercial manufacturing and trade development. The implementation of mercantilism policy accumulated wealth, laid the foundation for the prosperity of French politics, culture and military, and promoted the comprehensive strength and international influence of France. The reign of Louis XIV was the period when the centralization of French power rose to the period of absolutism Wang Quan. Louis XIV, with absolute Wang Quan, can use all the country's strength to support mercantilist economic development. Such as the granting of industrial and commercial manufacturing, overseas trading companies some privileges and so on. In fact, France's mercantilist policy is absolute Wang Quan in economic aspects of the embodiment. In addition, Louis XIV appointed the politically and economically minded Jean-Baptiste Colbert as Chancellor of the Exchequer, responsible for the implementation of mercantilist policies. Born into a business family, Colbert knew that business was the source of wealth, and for many years he had accumulated a lot of financial experience for Mazzaran, so that when Kirber was minister of the exchequer of France, he was French chancellor of the exchequer. Hire businessmen as "think tanks" to listen to their opinions and suggestions. In terms of religious belief, Colbert was unorthodox, regardless of whether he was Protestant or not, as long as he was able to contribute to France's economic development. After the development of mercantilism, the comprehensive national strength of France reached the peak, also made Louis XIV "Sun King" title. However, due to the militarism of Louis XIV and the death of Colbert, the core of mercantilism, the wealth brought about by French mercantilism was gradually depleted. With France's fiscal deficit increasing year by year, a huge fiscal crisis was finally brewing, laying the root of the French Revolution.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K565

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