本文選題：魏瑪 + 東西方外交　； 參考：《華東師范大學》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 處于德意志第二帝國和第三帝國之間的魏瑪共和國在很多方面體現(xiàn)了德國歷史的連續(xù)性特征,例如其外交所肩負的根本任務就是恢復一戰(zhàn)前德意志第二帝國在政治、經(jīng)濟、乃至軍事上的世界大國地位。本文就試圖以魏瑪共和國初期的東西方外交為切入點,分析德國在戰(zhàn)敗的困境下,在改變了的國際格局中,如何不斷探索擺脫孤立、尋求修約的道路的。 除緒論外,正文分為五章。第一章分別從三個方面論述了影響魏瑪共和國初期東西方外交政策的各種因素。通過對1870-1918年德國東西方外交政策的歷史回顧,理清了魏瑪共和國初期東西方外交政策的歷史淵源;通過對戰(zhàn)后德國政治、經(jīng)濟、軍事和社會形勢的分析,簡單地勾略了這一時期影響德國東西方外交政策的國內(nèi)因素;通過對戰(zhàn)后國際形勢及東西方各國外交目的的分析,概括了這一時期德國東西方外交所面臨的國際環(huán)境。 第二章論述的是魏瑪共和國建國之初的東西方外交政策。面對國內(nèi)的混亂和國際上的孤立,為了穩(wěn)定建立不久的共和國,德國政府艱難地平衡著來自東西兩方面的威脅。在西方,德國政府希望依靠國內(nèi)的壓力和英美的支持達到修約的目的;在東方,德國希望通過德俄關(guān)系的緩和一方面給協(xié)約國施加壓力,另一方面為以后德國外交保留一個可能的選擇。 第三章論述的是維爾特政府時期德國的東西方外交政策。鑒于前一階段的失敗,維爾特上臺后發(fā)展了前任的東西方外交政策。在西方,他希望通過“履行和約政策”以合作、而不是對抗的方式達到修約的目的;在東方,他通過《拉巴洛條約》不僅實現(xiàn)了德俄政治關(guān)系的正�；�,而且間接地帶來了德俄經(jīng)濟、軍事合作的進展,從而為德國擺脫《凡爾賽和約》的束縛提供了更大的空間。 第四章論述的是古諾政府時期德國的東西方外交政策。由于德國國內(nèi)政治、經(jīng)濟的惡化以及法國對德政策的日趨強硬,古諾上臺后,德國東西方外交政策出現(xiàn)了危機。在西方,“履行和約政策”和消極抵抗政策相繼失敗,從而把德國帶到了崩潰的邊緣;在東方,雖然德俄兩國進行了緊密的合作,但這種合作不僅不能消除德國的危機,而且還為以后的動亂埋下了隱患。 第五章論述的是斯特萊斯曼上臺后德國的東西方外交政策。魯爾危機的發(fā)生最終使德國人明白,要從根本上擺脫戰(zhàn)后的不利局面、恢復戰(zhàn)前德國的大國地位,必須推行親西方的政策,因而也就必須限制德俄關(guān)系的發(fā)展。因此,斯特萊斯曼上臺后,在西方推行了英美支持下的法德和解政策,在東方則使德俄關(guān)系始終維持在《拉巴洛條約》的水平上。 結(jié)語則簡要地論述了魏瑪共和國初期東西方外交政策的根本任務、它和國際格局以及國內(nèi)各政治力量之間的關(guān)系、它所產(chǎn)生的影響等問題。
[Abstract]:The Weimar Republic between the German second Reich and the third Reich embodied in many ways the continuity of German history. For example, the fundamental task of its diplomacy was to restore the politics and economy of the second Reich before the first World War. And even military status as a world power. Based on the East-West diplomacy in the early days of Weimar Republic, this paper attempts to analyze how Germany, under the predicament of defeat, has been constantly exploring the way of getting rid of isolation and seeking the path of treaty revision in the changed international structure. In addition to the introduction, the text is divided into five chapters. The first chapter discusses the influence factors of East-West foreign policy in the early stage of Weimar Republic from three aspects. By reviewing the history of German East-West foreign policy from 1870-1918, the historical origin of East-West foreign policy in the early period of Weimar Republic is clarified, and the political, economic, military and social situation of postwar Germany is analyzed. This paper briefly outlines the domestic factors that influence Germany's East-West foreign policy in this period, and summarizes the international environment facing Germany's East-West diplomacy in this period through the analysis of the postwar international situation and the diplomatic purposes of the East-West countries. The second chapter deals with the East-West foreign policy of Weimar Republic at the beginning of the founding of the Republic of Weimar. In the face of domestic chaos and international isolation, the German government is struggling to balance threats from both East and West in order to stabilize the fledgling republic. In the West, the German government hopes to rely on domestic pressure and British and American support to achieve the purpose of amending the treaty. In the East, Germany hopes to exert pressure on the allies through the relaxation of German-Russian relations. On the other hand, a possible alternative is reserved for later German diplomacy. The third chapter deals with the East-West foreign policy of Germany during the Wilt government. Given the failure of the previous phase, Mr Wilt developed his predecessor's East-West foreign policy after taking office. In the West, he hoped to achieve the goal of revising the treaty by means of cooperation, not confrontation, through "fulfilling the peace treaty policy." in the East, he not only normalized the political relations between Germany and Russia through the Treaty of Laballo. And indirectly brought about the progress of economic and military cooperation between Germany and Russia, thus providing more space for Germany to free itself from the bondage of the Treaty of Versailles. The fourth chapter deals with the East-West foreign policy of Germany during the Cournot government. Due to the deterioration of German domestic politics and economy and the increasingly strong French policy towards Germany, Germany's East-West foreign policy came into crisis after Cournot came to power. In the West, the policy of "fulfilling the peace treaty" and the policy of passive resistance have failed one after another, bringing Germany to the brink of collapse. In the East, although Germany and Russia have conducted close cooperation, such cooperation has not only failed to eliminate the German crisis. But also for the future unrest buried hidden dangers. The fifth chapter discusses the East-West foreign policy of Germany after Schleismann came to power. The Ruhr crisis finally made the Germans understand that in order to fundamentally get rid of the unfavorable situation after the war and restore Germany's status as a great power before the war, it was necessary to carry out pro-western policies, and therefore the development of German-Russian relations must be restricted. Therefore, when Strassman came to power, he carried out the Franco-German reconciliation policy supported by Britain and America in the West, and in the East kept German-Russian relations at the level of the Treaty of Laballo. The conclusion briefly discusses the basic task of the East-West foreign policy in the early stage of Weimar Republic, the relationship between it and the international structure and the political forces in China, and its influence.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：K516.43

【引證文獻】

中國碩士學位論文全文數(shù)據(jù)庫 前1條

1 金二威;1919-1934年期間德國與但澤問題研究[D];華東師范大學;2012年

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本文編號：1799106