發(fā)布時間：2018-04-24 15:05

  本文選題：卡扎爾王朝 + 巴列維王朝��； 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 本文主要對1794-1979年伊朗卡扎爾王朝和巴列維王朝時期伊朗的猶太人的狀況進(jìn)行梳理和分析。 伊朗猶太人是猶太人流散史中有記載的最古老的一支,至今已有兩千多年的歷史。公元前586年的“巴比倫之囚”,掀開了伊朗猶太人歷史的開端,也掀開了猶太人向世界各地流散的開端。從此,伊朗猶太人經(jīng)歷了伊斯蘭教產(chǎn)生前的波斯帝國、希臘化時期、帕提亞王朝和薩珊王朝的統(tǒng)治；伊斯蘭教產(chǎn)生后經(jīng)歷了阿拉伯帝國、蒙古及帖木兒帝國、薩法維王朝等的統(tǒng)治,1794年進(jìn)入卡扎爾王朝時期,1925年進(jìn)入巴列維王朝時期。1979年伊朗伊斯蘭革命后,建立了伊斯蘭共和國,直到今天。 在這漫長的兩千多年歷史中,隨著各王朝統(tǒng)治者對猶政策的變化,及宗教、社會等因素的消長,伊朗猶太人的生活狀況時好時壞,規(guī)模或大或小。由于其時空跨度較大,資料也不是十分豐富,因此本文在概述伊朗猶太人從產(chǎn)生到卡扎爾于朝前的生活狀況的基礎(chǔ)上,借鑒國內(nèi)外學(xué)者為數(shù)不多的研究成果,對卡扎爾王朝和巴列維王朝的伊朗猶太人的狀況做—梳理和分析,以期對其有一個清晰、全面的認(rèn)識和了解。 本文分為五個部分： 第一節(jié)概述卡扎爾王朝前伊朗猶太人的狀況。其中又以伊斯蘭教的產(chǎn)生為界分為兩個時期。伊斯蘭教產(chǎn)生前包括“巴比倫之囚”、波斯帝國、希臘化、帕提亞于朝和薩珊王朝幾個時期；伊斯蘭教產(chǎn)生后則包括阿拉伯帝國、伊兒汗王朝、帖木兒王朝、薩法維王朝、納迪爾王朝時期。 第二節(jié)介紹卡扎爾王朝時期伊朗猶太人的狀況。1794年卡扎爾王朝建立后對內(nèi)實(shí)行殘暴的黑暗統(tǒng)治,什葉派神職人員獲得可與王權(quán)相匹敵的至高無上的權(quán)力,猶太人陷入被迫害的深淵。他們普遍貧困,文化和教育水平低下,許多人被強(qiáng)迫改宗伊斯蘭教,成為馬拉諾。然而,到卡扎爾王朝后期(從1870年代起),由于伊朗經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治和社會狀況逐漸好轉(zhuǎn),以及西方的猶太人開始關(guān)注并支持伊朗猶太人改善生活狀況,對伊朗政府施加壓力,加之卡扎爾王朝對國家的實(shí)際控制力的加強(qiáng),使伊朗的反猶形勢有所緩和,猶太人的經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和教育狀況得到一定改善。1905-1911年伊朗立憲革命期間,猶太人在很大程度上獲得了解放,甚至有些人遷出了猶太聚居區(qū)。但是,人們頭腦中關(guān)于猶太人“污穢”的思想已根深蒂固,很難立即根除,反猶思想和活動仍繼續(xù)存在。 第三節(jié)探討巴列維王朝時期伊朗猶太人的狀況。巴列維王朝的建立者禮薩·汗(1925-1941)在國內(nèi)推行以世俗化、民族化為特征的全面的現(xiàn)代化改革,大力改善猶太人、亞美尼亞人和瑣羅亞斯德教徒的處境,對“污穢”原則也不以為然。猶太人生活狀況得到巨大改善。但禮薩·汗統(tǒng)治末期,其民族主義思想受到德國民族主義思想的很大影響,并開始轉(zhuǎn)向反猶主義。巴列維王朝的第二任國王穆罕默德·禮薩·巴列維(1941-1979)也致力于國家的世俗化和現(xiàn)代化,繼承了其父禮薩·汗執(zhí)政前期對猶太人的寬容政策。在巴列維統(tǒng)治時期,伊朗猶太人的生活‘狀況得到了巨大改善,并在“白色革命”期間(1963-1979)達(dá)到鼎盛,是“伊朗猶太人的黃金時期”。這一時期,猶太人幾乎完全享有文化和宗教自治,經(jīng)濟(jì)空前發(fā)展,幾乎與穆斯林同胞享有同等的政治權(quán)利。1948年以色列的建國以及伊以關(guān)系的良好發(fā)展,促使大批猶太人從伊朗移民以色列,這對伊朗猶太人產(chǎn)生較大影響。移走的大多是貧窮者,留下者則多為富人,猶太社團(tuán)的總體地位有所提高。 結(jié)語部分分析卡扎爾王朝和巴列維王朝時期對猶政策的特點(diǎn),并將這兩個王朝的反猶主義與基督教歐洲的反猶主義進(jìn)行比較。可以說,無論在基督教歐洲,還是在卡扎爾王朝和巴列維王朝的伊朗,猶太人的狀況都因時因地而各不相同,都有猶太人過著平靜、富足、安全、舒適的生活,也都有猶太人被殺害、驅(qū)逐、被迫改宗或淪為殘暴的統(tǒng)治者的奴隸。 最后,附錄部分對卡扎爾王朝和巴列維王朝時期的伊朗猶太人口做了一個統(tǒng)計,以期對他們有一個更為直觀的了解。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly combs and analyzes the Jewish state of Iran in 1794 - 1979 .



Iranian Jews were the oldest of the Jews in the history of the Jewish diaspora , and more than two thousand years have passed . In 586 B.C . , the " prisoners of Babylon " opened the beginning of the Jewish history of Iran and opened the beginning of the Jewish movement throughout the world . From then on , the Iranian Jews experienced the rule of the Persian Empire , the Hellenistic period , the Padiya Dynasty and the Sanshan dynasty before Islam .
After the Islamic Revolution in Iran , the Islamic Revolution of Iran established the Islamic Republic of Iran until today .



In the long history of more than two thousand years , along with the changes of the rulers of each dynasty to the policy of Judah , and the factors such as religion , society and so on , the living conditions of the Iranian Jews were worse and worse , the scale or the large or small .



This article is divided into five parts :



The first section provides an overview of the situation of the Iranian Jews in the former Islamic Republic of Iran , which is divided into two periods by the emergence of Islam . The former includes " the prisoners of Babylon " , the Persian Empire , the Hellenization , the Parthia and the Sanshan dynasties ;
After the emergence of Islam , it includes the Arab Empire , the Yerhan dynasty , the Tiki - er dynasty , the Sarafur dynasty , and the Nader dynasty .



In section II , the situation of Iran ' s Jews during the period in which the Jews were persecuted was described in section II . In the late 1970s , after the establishment of the Constitutional Revolution in 1794 , the people of Shi ' ites got the power of being persecuted . Many people have been forced to change their living conditions . Many people have been forced to change their living conditions . However , in the period between 1905 and 1911 , the Jews have been liberated and even some have moved out of the Jewish settlements . However , the minds of the Jews are deeply rooted and difficult to eradicate immediately , and the anti - Semitism thought and activities continue to exist .



The Jewish state of life of the Jewish people was greatly improved . But at the end of the " White Revolution " ( 1963 - 1979 ) , the Jewish people enjoy equal political rights . In the period of the reign of Baalvi , the Jewish state of the Jewish people has been greatly improved . In the period of the " White Revolution " ( 1963 - 1979 ) , the Jewish people enjoy the same political rights . In 1948 , the Jewish people in Israel have enjoyed unprecedented economic development and have exerted a great influence on the Jewish people . The majority of the removed are poor , and the left is the rich , and the overall status of the Jewish community has improved . The conclusion part analyzes the characteristics of the anti - Semitism and anti - Semitism in the Roman and Baalvi dynasties , and compares the anti - Semitism of the two dynasties with the anti - Semitism in Christianity Europe . It is possible to say that Jews have been killed , expelled , forced to change or become slaves of the brutal rulers , regardless of whether in Christian Europe , or in Iran and the Islamic Republic of Iran , the Jewish state of the Jews varies from time to time . Finally , the appendix part made a statistical analysis of the Iranian Jewish population in the period of the Al dynasty and the Baalvi dynasty , with a view to giving them a more intuitive understanding .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K373.07

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 付國鳳;現(xiàn)代伊朗語言政策形成及其根源探析[D];西南大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號：1797138