本文選題：美國農(nóng)場主 + 格蘭其運動��； 參考：《安徽大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：19世紀(jì)晚期,南方重建后美國進入工業(yè)化全面發(fā)展時期�？萍几锩凸I(yè)化浪潮的出現(xiàn)推動生產(chǎn)力快速發(fā)展。在西進運動和交通運輸革命的影響下,幅員遼闊、資源豐富的美國西部地區(qū)由傳統(tǒng)的小農(nóng)經(jīng)濟逐漸向現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè)過渡。農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的過程中,在以鐵路運輸業(yè)為代表的現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的不斷影響下,美國西部的農(nóng)民階層被動地卷入現(xiàn)代資本主義商品市場。此時的美國正處于由自由資本主義經(jīng)濟向壟斷資本主義經(jīng)濟過渡的體制轉(zhuǎn)型時期,社會深層次結(jié)構(gòu)矛盾更為突出,這尤其表現(xiàn)在生產(chǎn)力水平低下的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟方面。1873年經(jīng)濟危機引發(fā)的農(nóng)業(yè)大蕭條更加激化了美國中小農(nóng)場主階層與資本主義壟斷集團的矛盾。這其中,以美國中西部農(nóng)場主與鐵路公司矛盾為主要內(nèi)容的格蘭其農(nóng)民運動,高舉反對鐵路運費價格壟斷和歧視的旗幟,掀起了19世紀(jì)晚期美國農(nóng)民運動的浪潮。 1867年出現(xiàn)的格蘭其組織,以維護農(nóng)民利益促進農(nóng)業(yè)進步為宗旨,在美國中西部地區(qū)得到農(nóng)民的信任和積極參與。當(dāng)中西部農(nóng)場主與以鐵路公司為首的壟斷集團進一步激化矛盾時,格蘭其組織率先開展反對鐵路不合理運費的反壟斷運動。在格蘭其組織的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,全國的農(nóng)民階層團結(jié)一致、齊心協(xié)力,為爭取更加公平合理的經(jīng)濟地位和政治地位進行了長期不懈的斗爭。最終,在廣大農(nóng)民階層的強烈要求下,美國中西部各州政府制定出管制鐵路不合理運費的相關(guān)法案(統(tǒng)稱“格蘭其法”),為廣大農(nóng)民階層維護自身基本權(quán)益提供法律保障。在格蘭其運動式微之后,全國各地更是涌現(xiàn)出農(nóng)民聯(lián)盟及平民黨等眾多更為激進的農(nóng)民組織。隨著地區(qū)間經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系的不斷加強,為了適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的需要,美國聯(lián)邦政府在1887年頒布《州際貿(mào)易法》代替各州實行的“格蘭其法”�！�1887年州際貿(mào)易法》作為聯(lián)邦政府首個管理地區(qū)貿(mào)易的正式法案,標(biāo)志著聯(lián)邦政府摒棄自由放任的經(jīng)濟政策轉(zhuǎn)而加強國家經(jīng)濟宏觀調(diào)控的重大變革,為20世紀(jì)30年代美國走向國家壟斷資本主義的道路奠定堅實的基礎(chǔ)。 在中西部農(nóng)場主與鐵路公司的矛盾斗爭中,格蘭其運動不僅是百端,更作為一條主線貫穿于整個19世紀(jì)晚期美國的農(nóng)民運動之中。它為各州“格蘭其法”的頒布以及《州際貿(mào)易法》推行做出重大貢獻。本文通過對格蘭其運動以及格蘭其法頒布?xì)v程的深入探討,試圖較為清晰地呈現(xiàn)出美國聯(lián)邦政府與各州政府對以鐵路運輸業(yè)為代表的壟斷資本主義經(jīng)濟在不同發(fā)展時期相關(guān)經(jīng)濟政策的變化,以及在格蘭其運動的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下美國的農(nóng)民運動對19世紀(jì)晚期美國社會的產(chǎn)生重大影響。
[Abstract]:In the late 19 th century, after the reconstruction of the South, the United States entered a period of comprehensive industrialization. The emergence of the scientific and technological revolution and the wave of industrialization has promoted the rapid development of productive forces. Under the influence of the westward movement and the transportation revolution, the western part of the United States, which has a vast territory and abundant resources, is gradually transitioning from the traditional small-scale peasant economy to the modern agriculture. In the process of agricultural modernization, under the influence of modern industry represented by railway transportation, the peasant stratum in the western United States was passively involved in the modern capitalist commodity market. At this time, the United States is in a period of system transition from free capitalist economy to monopoly capitalist economy, and the social deep-seated structural contradictions are even more prominent. This is especially true in the agricultural economy with low productivity. The Great Agricultural Depression caused by the economic crisis of 1873 has exacerbated the conflict between the middle and small farmers in the United States and capitalist monopolies. Among them, the Granville Peasant Movement, which takes the contradiction between American Midwest farmers and railway companies as the main content, held high the banner of opposing the monopoly and discrimination of railway freight price, and raised the tide of American peasant movement in the late 19th century. The organization of Grange, which appeared in 1867 with the aim of safeguarding the interests of farmers and promoting the progress of agriculture, gained the trust and active participation of farmers in the Midwest of the United States. When the contradiction between farmers in the Midwest and the monopoly group led by the railway company was further intensified, the organization of Grange took the lead in launching an anti-monopoly campaign against unreasonable railway freight charges. Under the leadership of Grange, the national peasant class United and worked together for a long and unremitting struggle for a more equitable economic and political status. Finally, under the strong request of the broad peasant stratum, the American Midwest states government has formulated the related bill which controls the railroad unreasonable freight rate (collectively referred to as the "Grangi Act"), provides the legal safeguard for the broad peasant stratum to safeguard their basic rights and interests. In the wake of the decline of the Grange movement, more radical peasant groups such as the Peasant Alliance and the civilian Party have sprung up across the country. With the continuous strengthening of regional economic ties, in order to meet the needs of economic development, In 1887, the Federal Government of the United States enacted the Interstate Trade Act in place of the Grange Act introduced by the states. < 1887 the Interstate Trade Act was the first formal act of the Federal Government to regulate regional trade. It indicates that the federal government has abandoned the laissez-faire economic policy and strengthened the major reform of the national macroeconomic regulation and control, which laid a solid foundation for the United States to move to the state monopoly capitalism in the 1930s. In the conflict between Midwestern farmers and railway companies, the Grange movement was not only a hundred points, but also a main thread throughout the American peasant movement in the late 19th century. It contributed significantly to the enactment of the Grange Act and the implementation of the Interstate Trade Act. This paper discusses the Granger Movement and the promulgation process of the Granger Act in depth. This paper attempts to present clearly the changes in the economic policies of the federal and state governments of the United States to the monopoly capitalist economy represented by the railway transportation industry in different development periods. And the American peasant movement under the leadership of the Grange Movement had a great influence on American society in the late 19 th century.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F537.12;F371.2;K704

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 黃仁偉;論美國人民黨運動的歷史地位[J];世界歷史;1989年01期

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本文編號：1793070