本文選題：明治政府 + 松方財政　； 參考：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 1868年明治維新后日本進(jìn)入由封建體制向近代資本主義制度轉(zhuǎn)變的重要歷史時期。由明治政府所主持進(jìn)行的一系列政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)及社會制度改革促使日本迅速發(fā)展,并使它在較短時間內(nèi)成功地完成了向近代資本主義社會的轉(zhuǎn)變。但在“創(chuàng)造與毀滅并舉”的轉(zhuǎn)型過程中,財政問題始終困擾著新生的明治政權(quán),嚴(yán)重地阻礙了近代資本主義的發(fā)展。西南戰(zhàn)爭后,日本政府遭遇嚴(yán)重的財政困難,經(jīng)濟(jì)陷入空前危機(jī)。自1881年10月起,明治政府開始進(jìn)行以紙幣整理為核心的松方財政改革,確立兌換制度、實現(xiàn)幣制統(tǒng)一,從而徹底結(jié)束了自明治初期以來的紙幣紊亂狀態(tài),建立了近代金融及財政體制。 囿于資料有限,本文旨在以對松方財政的主要政策措施進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的梳理為基礎(chǔ),深入地分析松方財政對其后日本經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展所起的重要作用,并進(jìn)一步探討改革能夠取得成功的原因,從而做出客觀公正的評價。 文章分為引言、正文和結(jié)語三部分。其中正文共分三章,分別就政策實施、重要影響及成功原因作詳細(xì)的闡述。第一章主要分析松方財政之前日本的財政狀況以及西南戰(zhàn)爭后明治政府就解決嚴(yán)重的財政困難所展開的激烈討論,同時著重介紹了財政改革的主要政策措施,包括紙幣整理、官營企業(yè)處理、近代銀行制的確立等;第二章側(cè)重考察松方財政對日本經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展所起到的重要作用:加快殖產(chǎn)興業(yè)政策的演變、促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)革命熱潮的出現(xiàn)以及加速農(nóng)民階層的分化與沒落等;第三章則重點探討了促使這場財政改革取得成功的原因要素,包括明確的改革目標(biāo)、堅持“不退轉(zhuǎn)體制”的決心、政治的統(tǒng)一以及務(wù)實的政策措施等。結(jié)語部分著重強(qiáng)調(diào)松方實行的緊縮性政策措施所體現(xiàn)出的與一般緊縮財政不同的特征,從而將其定義為“特殊的緊縮財政”,展現(xiàn)真實的松方財政改革。
[Abstract]:After the Meiji Restoration in 1868, Japan entered an important historical period from feudal system to modern capitalist system. A series of political, economic and social system reforms under the auspices of the Meiji government promoted the rapid development of Japan and enabled it to successfully complete the transformation to modern capitalist society in a relatively short period of time. However, in the process of transformation of "creation and destruction", financial problems have always troubled the new Meiji regime and seriously hindered the development of modern capitalism. After the Southwest War, the Japanese government encountered serious financial difficulties, the economy into an unprecedented crisis. Since October 1881, the Meiji government has begun to carry out the fiscal reform of loose square with paper currency consolidation as the core, establish the exchange system and realize the unification of the currency system, thus completely ending the state of paper currency disorder since the beginning of Meiji. A modern financial and financial system was established. Due to the limited data, this paper aims to analyze the important role of Songfang finance in the subsequent economic development of Japan on the basis of detailed analysis of the main policies and measures of Songfang finance. And further explore the reasons for the success of the reform, so as to make an objective and fair evaluation. The article is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The text is divided into three chapters, respectively on the implementation of the policy, important impact and success reasons for the detailed elaboration. The first chapter mainly analyzes the Japanese financial situation before Matsumoto's finance and the fierce discussion of the Meiji government to solve the serious financial difficulties after the Southwest War. At the same time, it emphatically introduces the main policy measures of the fiscal reform, including the paper currency consolidation. The second chapter focuses on the important role of Matsui's finance in the development of Japanese economy: accelerating the evolution of the policy of colonization. Promote the emergence of the industrial revolution upsurge and accelerate the division and decline of the peasant stratum, etc. Chapter three focuses on the factors that lead to the success of the financial reform, including clear reform objectives, and the determination of "not going back to the system". Political unity and pragmatic policy measures. In the conclusion part, it is emphasized that the contractionary policy measures adopted by the loose side are different from those of the general austerity finance, and thus it is defined as "special austerity finance", which shows the true fiscal reform of the loose side.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：F813.13;K313.4

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