本文選題：斯基泰人 + 黑海北岸��； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2011年博士論文

【摘要】：從上古迄至中古,許多游牧民族曾在黑海北岸(今俄羅斯南部、烏克蘭一帶)的草原上騎馬放牧,繁衍生息。其中,操伊朗語的斯基泰人(Scythians,又譯成西徐亞人或斯奇提亞人)是有史以來最先在此嶄露頭角的重要騎馬游牧民族之一。作為歐亞大陸歷史上較早的游牧族群,如同匈奴之于中國歷史,斯基泰人在西方歷史上的地位也是頗為獨(dú)特的。它是歐亞大陸上最早出現(xiàn)在地中海古典作家視野中的游牧民族。因此,研究斯基泰人具有重要的價值。本文的寫作,即緣起于此種思考。 全文共分六部分,包括緒論和五章正文內(nèi)容。 緒論分兩節(jié)。第一節(jié)介紹了古典世界和斯基泰人相關(guān)的各種文獻(xiàn)及其使用方法,第二節(jié)總結(jié)介紹了國內(nèi)外研究斯基泰人的歷史及問題旨趣,指出本文寫作的基礎(chǔ)和新意。 第一章,主要梳理古典文獻(xiàn)中各古典作家對“斯基泰人”一詞的使用情況,明確本文主要關(guān)注狹義斯基泰人,即黑海北岸那些名為斯基泰人的政治實體。同時,對斯基泰文化起源的種種說法做了系統(tǒng)回顧和總結(jié)。 第二章,則對斯基泰人的早期歷史做一系統(tǒng)探索。指出,斯基泰人之所以出現(xiàn)在北高加索,是因為當(dāng)時干熱的氣候所致,斯基泰人因而形成了�；文翗I(yè),并以劫掠補(bǔ)充物資。為此,他們屢次突入西亞,進(jìn)行劫掠。其間,受劫掠所得等諸種因素刺激,北高加索的斯基泰人社會組織和政治形態(tài)較前有所進(jìn)步。 第三章,是本文的重點(diǎn)之一。在這一章中,根據(jù)希羅多德的記載,筆者詳細(xì)分析了斯基泰各部落的族稱、所事行業(yè)及生活地域,指出斯基泰人其時是以游牧業(yè)為主,兼事農(nóng)耕,并劫掠周鄰農(nóng)牧人群、與希臘人開展貿(mào)易來補(bǔ)充物資。在社會和政治組織上,則形成了以王族斯基泰人為首的部落聯(lián)盟。 第四章亦是本文重點(diǎn)之一。在這一章,筆者將根據(jù)考古資料分析此時斯基泰人經(jīng)濟(jì)構(gòu)成發(fā)生的變化,村落和城鎮(zhèn)的分布,指出斯基泰人受益于良好的氣候條件,己呈現(xiàn)一定的定居化趨向。在政治上,指出文獻(xiàn)資料不足以研究王權(quán),必須以考古資料為主。于是,根據(jù)考古材料,本文指出斯基泰人的社會與前相比,已出現(xiàn)較為明顯的分層,同時社會的權(quán)力也趨于集中,這說明斯基泰人的國家此時已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)。 第五章主要探討了大斯基提亞瓦解之后,克里米亞小斯基提亞的歷史。指出克里米亞小斯基提亞其實與大斯基提亞并無直接關(guān)聯(lián),而只是克里米亞等地的蠻族在歐亞草原動蕩下形成的一個多種族的國家。這群斯基泰人,農(nóng)牧兼營,定居化程度較高。同時,在政治上形成了較為獨(dú)特的宮殿-神廟政治體制。 結(jié)語部分從經(jīng)濟(jì)、對外關(guān)系、政治組織等方面對歷史上黑海北岸斯基泰人作了總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:From ancient to mid-ancient times, many nomadic peoples on the northern shore of the Black Sea (now southern Russia, Ukraine) on the grasslands, grazing, reproduction. Among them, the Iranian-speaking Scythians, also translated into Western Xuya or Schitiya, is one of the first important horse-riding nomads to emerge here in history. As an early nomadic group in Eurasia history, as Xiongnu is to Chinese history, the status of Skeetai in western history is quite unique. It is the first nomadic people in the view of classical Mediterranean writers in Eurasia. Therefore, the study of the Scotty people has an important value. The writing of this article stems from this kind of thinking. The full text is divided into six parts, including the introduction and five chapters of the text. The introduction is divided into two sections. The first section introduces all kinds of literature related to the classical world and the Scotty people and their usage methods. The second section summarizes the history and problem purport of domestic and foreign research on the Skeeitans and points out the basis and new ideas of this paper. The first chapter mainly combs the use of the word "Skeetai" by classical writers in the classical literature, and clarifies that this paper mainly focuses on the narrow Skeetai, that is, the political entities of the North Bank of the Black Sea called the Skeitans. At the same time, all kinds of theories about the origin of Scotty culture are reviewed and summarized systematically. In the second chapter, a systematic exploration of the early history of the Scotty people is made. It is pointed out that the Skitans appeared in the North Caucasus because of the dry and hot climate at that time. For this reason, they repeatedly broke into West Asia and carried out looting. During this period, the social organization and political form of the Skeetai in the North Caucasus were improved. The third chapter is one of the emphases of this paper. In this chapter, according to the records of Herodotus, the author analyzes in detail the trade and living area of the Skeetai tribes, and points out that at that time, the Skeetai were mainly engaged in animal husbandry and farming, and looted the surrounding farming and pastoral crowd. Trade with the Greeks to replenish supplies. In the social and political organization, the formation of the royal Skeetai led the tribal alliance. The fourth chapter is also one of the emphases of this paper. In this chapter, based on the archaeological data, the author will analyze the changes in the economic composition of the Skeetai people, the distribution of villages and towns, and point out that the Skietai people benefit from the favorable climatic conditions and have a certain tendency to settle down. Politically, it is pointed out that the literature is not enough to study Wang Quan, and must be based on archaeological data. Therefore, according to the archaeological materials, this paper points out that the society of the Skeitans has already appeared more obvious stratification than before, and the power of the society has also tended to be concentrated, which shows that the country of the Skeitans has already appeared at this time. The fifth chapter mainly discusses the history of Crimea Little Scythia after the collapse of Grand Scythia. It is pointed out that little Scythia in Crimea is not directly related to the Grand Scythia, but is only a multi-ethnic country formed by barbarians in Crimea and other places under the turmoil of Eurasian steppe. This group of Skeetai, farming and animal husbandry, settled a high degree. At the same time, a relatively unique palatial-temple political system was formed in politics. The conclusion summarizes the history of the Skeitans on the north coast of the Black Sea from the aspects of economy, foreign relations and political organization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K18

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 李曉瑜;新疆民族裝飾藝術(shù)審美心理追溯[D];中央美術(shù)學(xué)院;2013年

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本文編號：1783802