發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-20 08:32

  本文選題：共和 + 美國(guó)��； 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：18世紀(jì)晚期,在各種因素的合力之下,北美十三州殖民地爆發(fā)革命,并最終從大不列顛第一帝國(guó)獨(dú)立出來(lái),成立了美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)。在美國(guó)人民創(chuàng)立他們自己全新的共和國(guó)的政治實(shí)踐中,古典傳統(tǒng)發(fā)揮了不容忽視的關(guān)鍵作用。古典共和傳統(tǒng)為美國(guó)共和政體的建構(gòu)提供了一種參照物和出發(fā)點(diǎn),為共和概念在近代的重構(gòu)提供了鮮活的語(yǔ)匯和堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ),古典傳統(tǒng)自身也在這個(gè)過(guò)程中煥發(fā)出了新的活力。本文首先按時(shí)間順序?qū)畔ＥD的柏拉圖、亞里士多德、古羅馬的西塞羅以及文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期意大利的馬基雅維利等對(duì)西方共和政治思想之變遷有決定性影響的人物的共和觀念進(jìn)行了粗略的梳理。通過(guò)這種梳理,建立了對(duì)北美殖民地建立之前共和概念流變的較為全面的認(rèn)知。接下來(lái),本文對(duì)美國(guó)建國(guó)初期政治實(shí)踐中古典傳統(tǒng)無(wú)處不在的原因進(jìn)行了分析。古典傳統(tǒng)之所以在那個(gè)時(shí)期的美國(guó)具有極大影響,最重要的原因之一是美國(guó)教育體系中古典傳統(tǒng)相關(guān)內(nèi)容的統(tǒng)治性地位,通過(guò)對(duì)幾個(gè)建國(guó)精英中的重要人物的觀點(diǎn)和教育背景以及北美殖民地時(shí)期教育體系的分析不難證實(shí)這一點(diǎn)。在證明了大規(guī)模使用古典傳統(tǒng)的可能性之后,需要論證的是這種使用的必要性。自羅馬帝國(guó)之后直到美國(guó)立國(guó),分析其間存在過(guò)的共和國(guó),無(wú)論是意大利諸城邦共和國(guó),還是時(shí)代更為靠近的日內(nèi)瓦與荷蘭,都不足以成為美國(guó)模仿的典范。再通過(guò)對(duì)北美殖民地與英國(guó)之間逐漸走向分裂的過(guò)程的分析,又將英國(guó)這唯一剩下的可能的榜樣移出了美國(guó)人的選擇之外,美國(guó)人轉(zhuǎn)而求助于古典傳統(tǒng)似乎也就成了一種必然。從以上兩方面的論證可知,美國(guó)完備的以古典傳統(tǒng)為主的教育體系,晚近的共和典范的稀缺以及與英國(guó)進(jìn)行割裂的需要綜合起來(lái),使得美國(guó)既有能力也有必要讓古典傳統(tǒng)在建國(guó)初期的政治實(shí)踐中發(fā)揮重要作用。這樣一來(lái),對(duì)古典傳統(tǒng)與美國(guó)建國(guó)初期共和概念的重構(gòu)及新的共和政體的確立之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行研究就有了一個(gè)切實(shí)可行的起點(diǎn)。從這個(gè)起點(diǎn)出發(fā),本文繼續(xù)對(duì)古典傳統(tǒng)在美國(guó)建國(guó)初期共和政體的確立與共和概念的重構(gòu)這兩個(gè)相互影響、密切關(guān)聯(lián)的過(guò)程中的作用進(jìn)行了較為具體的分析。這種分析首先涉及古典共和概念中至關(guān)重要的美德在美國(guó)建國(guó)初期的變化和商業(yè)利益這一古典傳統(tǒng)不曾納入考量的因素。然后以制憲會(huì)議上各個(gè)代表在辯論中的發(fā)言為線索,嘗試探討了古典傳統(tǒng)對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)人所認(rèn)同的共和概念的差異與變化的影響,以及古典傳統(tǒng)在新的共和政體的設(shè)計(jì)之中所起的作用。文章最后提出,美國(guó)共和政體確立的過(guò)程可能是古典傳統(tǒng)對(duì)重要政治實(shí)踐的最后一次參與。在這之后,美國(guó)成為了新的共和典范,而古典傳統(tǒng)日益成為象牙塔中的小眾研究對(duì)象,其在政治實(shí)踐中的作用被新興的政治學(xué)等學(xué)科替代。
[Abstract]:In the late 18th century, under the combined forces of various factors, the 13 colonies of North America revolutionized and finally became independent from the first Reich of Great Britain and founded the United States of America. Classical tradition plays a key role in the political practice of the American people to create their own new republic. The classical Republican tradition provides a reference and a starting point for the construction of the American Republican polity, and provides a fresh vocabulary and solid foundation for the reconstruction of the Republican concept in modern times. In this paper, Plato and Aristotle in ancient Greece are studied in chronological order. Cicero of ancient Rome and Machiavelli of Italy in Renaissance, etc. Through this sort of combing, the author established a more comprehensive understanding of the evolution of the concept of republic before the establishment of the North American colonies. Then, this paper analyzes the reasons why the classical tradition is ubiquitous in the political practice in the early days of the founding of the United States. One of the most important reasons why the classical tradition had great influence in the United States in that period was the dominant position of the relevant contents of the classical tradition in the American educational system. It is not difficult to prove this by analyzing the views and educational background of some important figures in the elite and the educational system of the North American colonial period. After proving the possibility of large-scale use of classical tradition, it is necessary to demonstrate the necessity of such use. From the Roman Empire to the founding of the United States, the analysis of the existing republics, whether the Italian states of the Republic, or the times closer to Geneva and the Netherlands, is not enough to serve as a model for the United States to imitate. Through the analysis of the process of the separation between the North American colonies and Britain, the only possible example of Britain was removed from the choice of the Americans, and it seemed inevitable that the Americans turned to the classical tradition. From the above two aspects, we can see that the complete American education system, which is dominated by classical tradition, the scarcity of recent Republican models, and the need to separate from the United Kingdom, It makes America both capable and necessary to allow classical tradition to play an important role in the political practice of the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China. Thus, the study of the relationship between the classical tradition, the reconstruction of the Republican concept and the establishment of a new republic in the early days of the founding of the United States has a practical starting point. From this starting point, this paper continues to make a more concrete analysis of the role of classical tradition in the process of the establishment of the Republican regime and the reconstruction of the Republican concept in the early days of the founding of the United States. This analysis involves, first of all, the changes of the essential virtues in the concept of the classical republic in the early years of the founding of the United States and the factor that the classical tradition did not take into account. Then, taking the speeches of the delegates in the Constituent Assembly as a clue, we try to explore the influence of the classical tradition on the differences and changes in the Republican concepts that Americans recognized at that time. And the role of classical traditions in the design of the new republic. Finally, it is suggested that the process of establishment of American republic may be the last participation of classical tradition in important political practice. After that, the United States became a new Republican model, while the classical tradition increasingly became the object of minority research in ivory tower, and its role in political practice was replaced by new disciplines such as political science.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K712.4

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