本文選題：修昔底德 + 苦難��； 參考：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2010年博士論文

【摘要】： 本論文從思考修昔底德對“最偉大戰(zhàn)爭”的定義入手,認(rèn)為這位古希臘史家判斷偉大的主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是苦難。作者在分析修昔底德敘事中最具代表性的幾個文本片段之后,試圖解釋他觀念中“苦難與偉大”這一基本關(guān)系,并探討他對人類處境的看法和態(tài)度。 第一章旨在通過分析“雅典瘟疫敘事”(2.47-54)來理解修昔底德如何運用其修辭技藝以呈現(xiàn)瘟疫這一給雅典人帶來最大損失的苦難。修昔底德對希臘當(dāng)時的醫(yī)學(xué)和詩歌傳統(tǒng)非常熟悉,但他敘述雅典瘟疫,其方式和目的與醫(yī)生和詩人們都不同。他力圖通過“雅典瘟疫敘事”來使讀者清楚地審視人類的苦難狀態(tài),而這樣的文本很難取悅于當(dāng)時的聽眾。為此,修昔底德避免使用面向公眾的敘事方式。他寫作文本很可能是為了私人進行閱讀的,而非公開地展示出來。 第二章從修昔底德對瘟疫中雅典人絕望的敘述引發(fā),進一步梳理了“密提林辯論”(3.36-49)、“米洛斯對話”(5.84-113)和“雅典人在西西里遠征前的辯論”(6.8-26)等文本片段中對“運氣”和“希望”的討論。修昔底德通過這些演說辭和對話錄意在表明人的言語和行動全都建立在希望之上,而希望本質(zhì)上又由愛欲引起。在修昔底德看來,“愛欲”既是雅典人追求偉大功業(yè)的動力,又是引起他們苦難的原因。西西里遠征是伯里克利逝世后雅典人不能節(jié)制欲望的結(jié)果,并最終導(dǎo)致了巨大的失敗和痛苦。修昔底德深受悲劇精神的影響,在其敘事中將雅典城邦塑造成為一個因愛欲而遭受苦難的英雄形象。 第三章轉(zhuǎn)而對修昔底德所編述的“伯里克利的國葬演說”(2.35-46)和“伯里克利最后的演說”(2.60-64)進行研讀,分析出它們和“雅典瘟疫敘事”這三個文本片段之間相互關(guān)聯(lián)的敘事結(jié)構(gòu)。修昔底德精心編排這兩篇“瘟疫敘事”前后的演說辭為的是展現(xiàn)伯里克利如何在不同的形勢下引導(dǎo)雅典人愛上自己的城邦,并為了追求建立偉大的功業(yè)和留下永久的記憶而承受各種苦難。修昔底德通過伯里克利之口揭示出了他自己的觀念：在現(xiàn)時代的競技中成為最強者的努力可以成為未來人們的記憶。這暗示了他對“苦難與偉大”這一關(guān)系在人類歷史中具有永恒性的信念。 第四章將視角投向作為修昔底德文本“導(dǎo)言”主要內(nèi)容的“古史敘事”(1.2-19),通過對其環(huán)狀結(jié)構(gòu)的敘事方式進行分析,揭示出修昔底德視野中的人類處境是一種帶有循環(huán)特征的發(fā)展過程：在歷史中,人們對權(quán)力的欲望使他們渴求偉大的功業(yè),這導(dǎo)致了不斷的戰(zhàn)爭、苦難和毀滅。修昔底德選擇用記述當(dāng)時戰(zhàn)爭中那些真實的苦難和偉業(yè)作為將世界本真狀態(tài)傳遞給讀者的最佳方式,目的是使未來的人們在遭遇類似的處境時可以喚起對他的敘事的記憶。
[Abstract]:This paper begins with Thucydides' definition of "the greatest War", and thinks that the main criterion for this ancient Greek historian to judge greatness is suffering.After analyzing the most representative texts in Thucydides' narration, the author tries to explain the basic relationship between suffering and greatness in his idea, and discusses his views and attitudes towards the human condition.The first chapter aims to understand how Thucydides used his rhetorical skills to present the plague, which brought the greatest loss to the Athenians, through the analysis of the Athenian Plague narrative (2.47-54).Thucydides was familiar with the medical and poetic traditions of Greece, but he described the plague in different ways and for different purposes than doctors and poets.He tries to make the readers examine clearly the state of human suffering through the Athens Plague narrative, which is difficult to please the audience at that time.For this reason, Thucydides avoided the use of public narratives.He probably wrote the text for private reading, rather than for public display.The second chapter begins with Thucydides' account of the Athenians' despair in the plague.Further combing the discussion of "luck" and "hope" in the texts such as "Mittilin debate" (3.36-49), "Milos Dialogue" (5.84-113) and "Athenian debate before the Sicily Expedition" (6.8-26).Thucydides, through these speeches and dialogues, is intended to show that man's words and actions are all based on hope, which is essentially caused by desire.According to Thucydides, lust is both the driving force of Athenians' pursuit of great feats and the cause of their suffering.The Sicily Expedition was the result of the Athenians' inability to control their desires after the death of Pericles, which led to great failure and suffering.Deeply influenced by the tragic spirit, Thucydides portrays the Athenian city-state as a hero suffering from love in his narration.In the third chapter, Thucydides' speech on the State burial of Pericles (2.35-46) and the final speech of Pericles (2.60-64) are studied, and the narrative structure of their interrelation with the three passages of the Athenian Plague narrative is analyzed.Thucydides carefully choreographed the speeches before and after the plague narrative to show how Pericles led the Athenians to fall in love with their city-states in different situations.And to pursue the establishment of great achievements and leave a lasting memory of all kinds of suffering.Thucydides through the mouth of Pericles revealed his own idea that the struggle to be the strongest in the present age can be remembered in the future.This implies his belief in the eternal nature of the relationship between suffering and greatness in human history.The fourth chapter focuses on the narrative of ancient history, which is the main content of the introduction of Thucydides, and analyzes the narrative mode of its annular structure.It is revealed that the human situation in Thucydides' vision is a process of development with cyclic characteristics: in history, people's desire for power made them yearn for great deeds, which led to constant war, suffering and destruction.Thucydides chose the best way to convey the true state of the world to the reader by documenting the true suffering and great achievements of the war at that time, in order to evoke the memory of his narrative in the event of a similar situation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K546

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 宋長[?;論伯羅奔尼撒戰(zhàn)爭期間的瘟疫對古希臘的影響[D];遼寧大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號：1773960