本文選題：美國(guó)權(quán)益 + 外交交涉��； 參考：《武漢大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：以七七事變?yōu)殚_(kāi)端,日本帝國(guó)開(kāi)啟了全面侵華戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。隨著戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)范圍的擴(kuò)大,日本在中國(guó)的野蠻行徑,造成以美國(guó)為代表的、秉持戰(zhàn)時(shí)中立政治態(tài)度的、第三方國(guó)家們?cè)谌A權(quán)益的嚴(yán)重?fù)p害。圍繞一系列因日本方面導(dǎo)致的美國(guó)在華利益的損失,美國(guó)與日本展開(kāi)了外交交涉。依據(jù)戰(zhàn)時(shí)中立法,美國(guó)認(rèn)為:日本有義務(wù)采取措施,對(duì)美國(guó)在華公民的生命安全及合法權(quán)益予以保護(hù);當(dāng)由于日本方面的軍事行動(dòng)而導(dǎo)致美國(guó)在華公民人身安全面臨威脅、抑或是合法權(quán)益受到損害之時(shí),美國(guó)有權(quán)向日本索要賠償。日本政府也做出保證:會(huì)采取一切措施對(duì)包括美國(guó)在內(nèi)的第三國(guó)在華權(quán)益予以保護(hù)。然而,盡管日本政府多次做出承諾,會(huì)采取一切有效手段,保護(hù)在華美國(guó)公民生命安全與合法權(quán)益不受侵害。但是,由于日本方面造成的美國(guó)及美國(guó)公民權(quán)益損害事件卻頻繁發(fā)生。這些事件的受害對(duì)象主要分為:美國(guó)官職人員(在華美國(guó)外交官與駐華美軍);美國(guó)軍艦;美國(guó)傳教士與教會(huì)產(chǎn)業(yè);美國(guó)商人與企業(yè)這幾大類(lèi)別。本文選取其中具有代表性的事件為例,以專(zhuān)題形式、從兩國(guó)角度對(duì)圍繞這些事件展開(kāi)的美日外交交涉進(jìn)行分析。從日美兩國(guó)的外交交涉可以看出:由于國(guó)內(nèi)孤立主義盛行、民眾反戰(zhàn)情緒強(qiáng)烈,因此美國(guó)政府在處理此類(lèi)事件之時(shí),往往采取外交手段,對(duì)日本的暴行予以抗議,要求日本方面道歉并賠償損失。隨著戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)擴(kuò)大、日本暴行愈發(fā)頻繁,但美國(guó)還是希望爭(zhēng)取備戰(zhàn)時(shí)間,因此在日本政府并不充分的道歉與賠償之后便采取了妥協(xié)態(tài)度。日本政府前期為了順利開(kāi)展在華軍事行動(dòng),對(duì)美采取親善政策,力圖避免刺激美國(guó)與其國(guó)內(nèi)公眾輿論。隨著國(guó)際形勢(shì)的變化,日本帝國(guó)的野心日益膨脹,對(duì)于美國(guó)在華權(quán)益不再格外重視,也不再刻意避免發(fā)生可能會(huì)刺激美國(guó)的行為,但為了爭(zhēng)取時(shí)間仍同美國(guó)假意周旋。因此,面對(duì)美國(guó)的抗議,日本政府往往都會(huì)道歉并愿意賠償。但日本政府將所有事件都解釋為非蓄意的"意外"或者"事故",自始自終都采取推卸責(zé)任的態(tài)度。在美日兩國(guó)交涉過(guò)程之中,充分暴露了日本的侵略本性及虛偽性;美國(guó)則一方面堅(jiān)持原則、要求日本道歉賠償,另一方面又采取了拖延時(shí)日的妥協(xié)態(tài)度。
[Abstract]:With the July 7 incident as the beginning, the Japanese Empire opened a full-scale war of aggression against China.With the expansion of the scope of the war, Japan's barbaric behavior in China has caused serious damage to the rights and interests of third countries in China, represented by the United States, with a neutral political attitude in wartime.The United States has engaged in diplomatic negotiations with Japan over a series of losses to American interests in China caused by Japan.According to the wartime legislation, the United States believes that Japan has an obligation to take measures to protect the life safety and legitimate rights and interests of American citizens in China; when the personal safety of US citizens in China is threatened as a result of Japanese military action,Or when their legitimate rights and interests are compromised, the United States has the right to claim compensation from Japan.The Japanese government has also pledged to take all measures to protect third-country rights and interests in China, including the United States.However, despite repeated commitments by the Japanese government, it will take all effective measures to protect American citizens in China from encroachment on their safety and legitimate rights.However, the damage caused by the Japanese side of the United States and American citizens occurred frequently.The victims of these incidents are mainly American officials (American diplomats in China and American troops in China; American warships; American missionaries and church industries; American businessmen and enterprises).In this paper, the representative events are selected as an example to analyze the diplomatic negotiations between the United States and Japan from the perspective of the two countries.From the diplomatic negotiations between Japan and the United States, we can see that because of the prevalence of domestic isolationism and the strong anti-war sentiment among the people, the US Government, when dealing with such incidents, often adopts diplomatic means to protest the atrocities committed by Japan.Ask Japan to apologize and compensate for the damage.As the war expanded, Japan's atrocities became more frequent, but the United States still wanted time to prepare for the war, so it took a compromise after the Japanese government apologized and compensated inadequately.In order to carry out military operations in China smoothly, the Japanese government adopted a policy of goodwill toward the United States in order to avoid stimulating public opinion in the United States and its own country.With the change of the international situation, the ambition of the Japanese empire is expanding day by day, and the American rights and interests in China are no longer attached great importance to, and the behavior that may stimulate the United States is no longer deliberately avoided, but in order to buy time, the Japanese Empire is still playing a false role with the United States.So, in the face of American protests, the Japanese government often apologizes and is willing to pay.But the Japanese government has interpreted all incidents as unintentional "accidents" or "accidents" and has been shirking responsibility all the time.In the course of the negotiation between the United States and Japan, Japan's aggressive nature and hypocrisy were fully exposed. On the one hand, the United States adhered to the principle of asking Japan to apologize for compensation, on the other hand, it adopted a protracted compromise attitude.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K15

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