本文選題：英國 + 俄國　； 參考：《新疆師范大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】：帕米爾地處我國新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)西南部,毗鄰中亞、阿富汗等地區(qū)和國家。該地自古以來就是中國領(lǐng)土的一部分,但當(dāng)歷史推進到19世紀,在資本主義殖民拓展的歷史潮流之下,這一地區(qū)的歷史也發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 19世紀初,俄國在確立了其在歐洲各國中的霸權(quán)地位后,向南部拓展自己的勢力;而工業(yè)革命之后的英國為了維護自身在印度的戰(zhàn)略利益,也把目光對準了中亞。由此開啟了英俄在中亞爭奪的歷史,具體可分為三個階段。第一階段雙方主要在波斯展開爭奪,并派使者到中亞活動;第二階段英俄主要采取支持第三國的方式(英國支持阿富汗政權(quán),俄國支持波斯政權(quán))抑制對方勢力的擴張,此外,兩國還在中亞腹地加緊活動,俄國征服了中亞三汗國,英國則控制了阿富汗;第三階段,英俄兩國在土庫曼地區(qū)展開爭奪,俄國搶得了先機,將土庫曼斯坦納入自己的版圖,之后英俄雙方與清政府在帕米爾地區(qū)展開爭奪。 英俄對帕米爾的爭奪有其各自不同的目的。沙俄在征服中亞之后,開始向帕米爾滲透,擬以帕米爾為跳板,將勢力滲透到中國的新疆、西藏和英屬印度。但沙俄的南下野心遭到了英國的阻擋,英國的真實意圖是想利用帕米爾作為保護印度的屏障,以取得在同俄國爭奪亞洲霸權(quán)上的優(yōu)勢。雙方在經(jīng)過與清政府進行的一系列外交、軍事手段無法滿足其侵略要求的情況下,最終撇開清政府,共同瓜分了帕米爾地區(qū)。由此導(dǎo)致了中亞地區(qū)新格局的形成,促成這一格局的典型事件:一是英俄在阿富汗的劃界;二是英俄在帕米爾的劃界。由此形成了19世紀末期中亞地區(qū)新的政治版圖,對后世產(chǎn)生深遠影響。 19世紀,西方列強為了進一步滿足本國資本主義發(fā)展的需要,拓展原料產(chǎn)地和商品銷售市場,在全世界范圍內(nèi)掀起了瓜分亞、非、拉等地區(qū)的狂潮。英俄兩國對中亞和帕米爾地區(qū)的爭奪就是英俄雙方爭奪亞洲霸權(quán)的一個重要組成部分。
[Abstract]:Pamir is located in the southwest of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, adjacent to Central Asia, Afghanistan and other regions and countries.It has been a part of Chinese territory since ancient times, but the history of this region has changed greatly under the historical trend of capitalist colonial expansion when history advanced to the 19th century.At the beginning of the 19th century, Russia expanded its power to the south after establishing its hegemonic position in the European countries, and Britain after the Industrial Revolution also focused on Central Asia in order to safeguard its strategic interests in India.This opened the history of British and Russian competition in Central Asia, specifically can be divided into three stages.In the first stage, the two sides mainly fought in Persia and sent messengers to Central Asia. In the second stage, Britain and Russia mainly adopted the way of supporting the third country (Britain supported the Afghan regime and Russia supported the Persian regime) to restrain the expansion of the other party's power.The two countries also intensified their activities in the heart of Central Asia. Russia conquered the three khanates of Central Asia, while Britain took control of Afghanistan. In the third stage, Britain and Russia fought over Turkmenistan in the Turkmen region. Russia seized the opportunity to bring Turkmenistan into its territory.Then Britain and Russia fought with the Qing government in the Pamirs.Britain and Russia have different aims for Pamirs.After conquering Central Asia, Czarist Russia began to infiltrate Pamirs, taking Pamir as springboard to infiltrate forces into China's Xinjiang, Tibet and British India.But Russia's ambition to go south was blocked by Britain, whose real intention was to use Pamir as a shield to protect India in order to gain the advantage of competing with Russia for Asian hegemony.After a series of diplomacy with the Qing government, the two sides failed to meet the demands of their aggression by military means, and finally set aside the Qing government and jointly divided the Pamir region.This led to the formation of a new pattern in Central Asia, leading to the typical events of this pattern: first, the demarcation of Britain and Russia in Afghanistan; second, the demarcation of Britain and Russia in Pamirs.As a result, a new political map was formed in Central Asia in the late 19 th century, which had a profound influence on later generations.In the 19th century, in order to further meet the needs of the development of capitalism, the Western powers expanded the raw material production area and commodity sales market, and set off a frenzy of dividing up Asia, Africa, Latin America and other regions all over the world.The British and Russian rivalry over Central Asia and Pamirs is an important part of the British-Russian struggle for Asian hegemony.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K14

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