本文選題：艾奇遜 + 美國�。� 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：從1945年到1953年這段時間,世界局勢發(fā)生了劇烈的變化。二戰(zhàn)的結(jié)束實(shí)現(xiàn)了世界人民對于和平的渴望。但隨著戰(zhàn)爭的結(jié)束,美蘇戰(zhàn)時結(jié)成的合作關(guān)系也隨之破裂,兩極對峙的冷戰(zhàn)格局逐漸形成。作為兩極之一的美國無疑在這場較量中占據(jù)絕對主導(dǎo)的地位。而從副國務(wù)卿到國務(wù)卿,艾奇遜則一直身處美國外交決策的中心。從戰(zhàn)爭年代到戰(zhàn)后初期,艾奇遜參與并主持制定了幾乎所有對構(gòu)建美國秩序起關(guān)鍵作用的決策,對美國冷戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)略的確立做出了突出的貢獻(xiàn)。 艾奇遜將遏制與對抗蘇聯(lián)作為他主要的工作目標(biāo)。為此,他積極支持杜魯門主義,與蘇聯(lián)在中東展開爭奪。他協(xié)助擬定了馬歇爾計(jì)劃,促使了北大西洋公約組織的形成。他推動歐洲逐步走向一體化,將歐洲變?yōu)槊绹钪匾拿擞�。他支持德國重新武裝,并促其加入歐洲聯(lián)合,以此來壯大歐洲的力量,對蘇聯(lián)形成威懾力量。他發(fā)布《美中關(guān)系白皮書》,為美國的侵華政策推脫責(zé)任。朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)后,他督促杜魯門派兵入朝。中國參加朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭以后,艾奇遜制定了不承認(rèn)中國和援助臺灣蔣介石國民黨政權(quán)的政策。他還支持美國援助印度支那的法國殖民政權(quán)。凡此種種,都對當(dāng)時美蘇冷戰(zhàn)產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。 本文正文主要分為三大部分。第一部分主要介紹艾奇遜與戰(zhàn)后美國的對蘇戰(zhàn)略。其中包括艾奇遜對伊朗危機(jī)、希土危機(jī)和柏林危機(jī)的看法,‘對美國核戰(zhàn)略的思考,重點(diǎn)分析他的“爛蘋果理論”和杜魯門主義的出臺。第二部分分析艾奇遜與美國戰(zhàn)后的歐洲政策。這其中包括艾奇遜協(xié)助擬定馬歇爾計(jì)劃、推動北大西洋公約組織的建立、以及歐洲的一體化和德國重建問題。第三部分則介紹艾奇遜與美國戰(zhàn)后的東亞戰(zhàn)略。系統(tǒng)地分析艾奇遜對新中國和臺灣態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變、對朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭的看法以及對日本重建所做出的努力。
[Abstract]:From 1945 to 1953, the world situation changed dramatically.The end of World War II realized the desire of the people of the world for peace.However, with the end of the war, the cooperative relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union in wartime also broke down, and the cold war pattern of bipolar confrontation gradually formed.The US, one of the two poles, undoubtedly dominates this contest.From undersecretary to secretary of state, Acheson has been at the centre of American diplomatic decision-making.From the war years to the early postwar period, Acheson participated in and presided over almost all the decisions that played a key role in the construction of the American order, and made outstanding contributions to the establishment of the Cold War strategy of the United States.Acheson made containment and confrontation with the Soviet Union his main goal.To this end, he actively supported Truman Doctrine and fought with the Soviet Union in the Middle East.He helped to draw up the Marshall Plan, which led to the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).He pushed for European integration, turning Europe into America's most important ally.He supported the rearming of Germany and urged it to join the European Union as a way to strengthen Europe and act as a deterrent to the Soviet Union.He issued the White Paper on US-China Relations, evading responsibility for the US policy of invading China.After the Korean War broke out, he urged Truman to send troops into the DPRK.After China joined the Korean War, Acheson formulated a policy of not recognizing China and aiding the Kuomintang regime of Jiang Jieshi in Taiwan.He also supported the American aid to the French colonial regime at Indochina.All this had a great impact on the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union at that time.The text of this paper is divided into three parts.The first part mainly introduces Acheson and American strategy to Soviet Union after the war.These include Acheson's views on the Iran crisis, the Greek crisis and the Berlin crisis, with a focus on his "rotten apple theory" and the introduction of Truman Doctrine.The second part analyzes Acheson and American postwar European policy.These include Acheson's contribution to the Marshall Plan, the establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and the integration of Europe and the reconstruction of Germany.The third part introduces Acheson and American strategy of East Asia after the war.This paper systematically analyzes Acheson's attitude to the new China and Taiwan, his views on the Korean War and his efforts to rebuild Japan.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K712.54

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