本文選題：巴黎公社 + “公仆”原則��； 參考：《安徽大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：1871年3月18日,法國巴黎公社建立。它所提倡和主張的一系列具體原則,如通過無產(chǎn)階級掌握政治權(quán)利來維護其自身的經(jīng)濟地位,通過維護人民群眾的利益來體現(xiàn)其民主的真正社會基礎(chǔ),以及以人民當家作主為出發(fā)點和落腳點的公仆制等,具有一定的啟發(fā)意義和當代價值,尤其對中國特色社會主義民主政治建設(shè)有重要參考價值。 本文通過對巴黎公社的“公仆”原則的確立,以及巴黎公社“公仆”原則理論在法國得到了實踐檢驗的分析,得出盡管公社最后解體,但它的原則是永存的結(jié)論,巴黎公社的經(jīng)驗在蘇聯(lián)和中國得到運用和發(fā)展。 列寧領(lǐng)導(dǎo)蘇聯(lián)人民發(fā)動了十月革命,建立第一個蘇維埃社會主義國家,他利用馬克思主義辯證法的方法論,號召社會公仆人員一定要堅持人民利益的利益觀,強調(diào)民主與集中辯證統(tǒng)一,加強對社會主義新型民主的探索,充分地發(fā)揮了巴黎公社“公仆”思想理論,帶領(lǐng)蘇聯(lián)人民從一個勝利走向另一個勝利,但由于葉利欽、戈爾巴喬夫的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)偏離馬克思主義一元論的指導(dǎo)思想,割裂民主與集中的辯證關(guān)系,違背人民群眾是歷史動力的基本原理,失去民心,導(dǎo)致列寧領(lǐng)導(dǎo)建立的第一個無產(chǎn)階級專政的社會主義國家政權(quán)解體。 中國共產(chǎn)黨在毛澤東的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,推翻了三座大山,建立了新中國,堅持權(quán)利屬于人民,為民所用,全心全意為人民服務(wù)的核心價值,堅持從群眾中來,到群眾中去的馬克思主義方法論和認識論。解放思想,實事求是是鄧小平的政治哲學(xué)的基石,他堅持真理尺度和價值尺度的統(tǒng)一,深化群眾路線理論,運用系統(tǒng)性辯證思維的方式把握民主與法制以及諸要素之間的整體性和協(xié)調(diào)性,全方位地發(fā)展巴黎公社社會公仆思想理論,為新時期新階段的中國特色社會主義民主政治建設(shè)留下了豐富的理論財富和實踐經(jīng)驗。 中國共產(chǎn)黨結(jié)合時代特征以及中國特色社會主義民主政治建設(shè)的發(fā)展狀況,強調(diào)當前我國社會主義民主政治建設(shè)仍然需要發(fā)展人民代表制,增加社會的透明度；需要社會自治；需要大眾的政治參與,而不是少數(shù)人的專權(quán)；需要全方位的監(jiān)督、要求建設(shè)一個“廉價政府”等諸方面的社會公仆理論作指導(dǎo)。同時更要正視巴黎公社“公仆”原則的當下啟示：一是要客觀、辯證地分析中國特色社會主義民主思想與西方代議制民主思想的差異,揚民主政治之長處、避西方代議制民主之短處,全面發(fā)展中國特色社會主義民主思想的優(yōu)越性。二是要一切從實際出發(fā),走自己的路,積極穩(wěn)妥地推進社會主義民主政治建設(shè),注重經(jīng)濟民主、政治民主和社會民主的和諧統(tǒng)一,注重中國特色社會主義民主政治、民主經(jīng)濟和民主文化的和諧統(tǒng)一。
[Abstract]:March 18, 1871, France Paris Commune established.It advocates and advocates a series of specific principles, such as safeguarding its own economic status through the proletariat's control of political rights, and embodying the true social basis of its democracy by safeguarding the interests of the masses of the people.And the public servant system, which takes the people as the starting point and the foothold as the starting point, has certain enlightening significance and the contemporary value, especially has the important reference value to the Chinese characteristic socialism democratic political construction.Through the establishment of the principle of "public servant" of the Paris Commune, and the analysis of the theory of the principle of "Public servant" of the Paris Commune in France, the author draws the conclusion that, although the commune finally disintegrates, its principle is eternal.The experience of the Paris Commune was applied and developed in the Soviet Union and China.Lenin led the people of the Soviet Union to launch the October Revolution and set up the first Soviet socialist country. He used the methodology of Marxist dialectics to call on public servants to adhere to the interests of the people.Emphasizing the dialectical unity of democracy and centralism, strengthening the exploration of the new socialist democracy, giving full play to the Paris Commune's "public servant" ideology and theory, leading the Soviet people from one victory to another, but thanks to Yeltsin,Gorbachev's leadership deviated from the guiding ideology of Marxist monism, severed the dialectical relationship between democracy and centralism, ran counter to the basic principle that the masses of the people were the motive force of history, and lost the hearts of the people.Lenin led to the establishment of the first proletarian dictatorship of the socialist state power disintegration.Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the Communist Party of China overthrew the three mountains, established a new China, maintained that the right belongs to the people, used it for the people, and served the people wholeheartedly, and insisted on coming from among the masses.Marxist methodology and epistemology among the masses.Emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts is the cornerstone of Deng Xiaoping's political philosophy. He adheres to the unity of the criteria of truth and value and deepens the theory of the mass line.Using the way of systematic dialectical thinking to grasp the integrity and coordination between democracy and legal system and among the elements, and to develop the social public servant thought theory of Paris Commune in all directions.It has left rich theoretical wealth and practical experience for the construction of socialist democracy with Chinese characteristics in the new period.Combining the characteristics of the times and the development of socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics, the Communist Party of China emphasizes that the current socialist democratic political construction in China still needs to develop the system of people's representatives, increase the transparency of society, and need social autonomy.It needs the political participation of the masses, not the autocratic power of a few people, and the omnidirectional supervision and the guidance of the theory of social public servants in the construction of a "cheap government" and so on.At the same time, we should also face up to the immediate enlightenment of the principle of "public servant" of the Paris Commune: first, we should objectively and dialectically analyze the differences between the socialist democratic thought with Chinese characteristics and the western representative democratic thought, and promote the advantages of democratic politics.To avoid the shortcomings of representative democracy in the West and to develop the superiority of socialist democratic thought with Chinese characteristics in an all-round way.Second, we should proceed from reality, follow our own road, actively and steadily promote the construction of socialist democratic politics, pay attention to the harmonious unity of economic democracy, political democracy and social democracy, and pay attention to socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics.The harmonious unity of democratic economy and culture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D13;K565.42

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