本文選題：二戰(zhàn) + 納粹德國�。� 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 二戰(zhàn)中,以納粹德國為代表的法西斯國家以閃擊戰(zhàn)的形式襲擊了其他國家,大部分國家在很短時間內(nèi)或迅速滅亡或遭受很大損失,閃擊戰(zhàn)的威力震驚了世界。最終二戰(zhàn)以德、意、日法西斯國家可恥的失敗而結(jié)束。作為當(dāng)時先進的作戰(zhàn)理論,閃擊戰(zhàn)只是不幸被法西斯國家利用,閃擊戰(zhàn)理論本身并未消亡,相反,后人吸取了經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn),運用到了當(dāng)今的戰(zhàn)爭中。 作為當(dāng)時先進的作戰(zhàn)理論,閃擊戰(zhàn)理論在最初的實施階段,取得了明顯的戰(zhàn)果。但隨著戰(zhàn)爭的深入,范圍的擴大,閃擊戰(zhàn)的局限性也暴露出來。特別是納粹德國的狂妄企圖和其本身實力有限之間的矛盾,逐漸變得不可調(diào)和,納粹德國的閃擊戰(zhàn)的威力大打折扣,最后在蘇聯(lián)破產(chǎn)。 本文在吸收國內(nèi)外研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,力爭對二戰(zhàn)中納粹德國的閃擊戰(zhàn)做較為系統(tǒng)的研究,特別是著重對閃擊戰(zhàn)各階段的比較。一般來說,閃擊戰(zhàn)就是充分運用機械化部隊,集中優(yōu)勢兵力,不宣而戰(zhàn),快速突擊,力圖迅速制服敵人。但細致分析可以發(fā)現(xiàn),閃擊戰(zhàn)在各階段上是存在差異的。這些變動的因素不僅體現(xiàn)在軍事戰(zhàn)備、戰(zhàn)術(shù)上,而且還表現(xiàn)在經(jīng)濟、政治和外交上。從這里出發(fā),才可以更深入地理解當(dāng)時閃擊戰(zhàn)短暫勝利后落幕的深層次原因。據(jù)此,本文展開分析與論述,大致可分五部分: 第一部分主要是界定閃擊戰(zhàn)的含義并介紹其由來。閃擊戰(zhàn)是當(dāng)時條件下先進的機械化作戰(zhàn)理論,它與通常理解的突然襲擊不能等同。事實上,閃擊戰(zhàn)的戰(zhàn)略思想古代亦有,只是在普魯士時期、德意志統(tǒng)一時期才具有了閃擊戰(zhàn)的雛形,后經(jīng)古德里安等人的深入研究,漸趨成熟,再加上希特勒的支持,二戰(zhàn)時進行了多次實踐。 第二部分主要論述二戰(zhàn)前,德國發(fā)動閃擊戰(zhàn)的背景及原因。二戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā),有著深刻的國內(nèi)外原因,也即閃擊戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)的原因。另外,具體到閃擊戰(zhàn),納粹德國本身的主觀考慮和當(dāng)時的技術(shù)裝備條件都使閃擊戰(zhàn)的實施成為可能。 第三部分進行了閃擊戰(zhàn)前期勝利的比較。從1939年9月1日納粹德國閃擊波蘭開始,中經(jīng)1941年6月22日德國閃擊蘇聯(lián),可以這樣說,在1941年、1942年之交莫斯科保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)折戟沉沙之前,德國軍隊以摧枯拉朽之勢,風(fēng)卷殘云般的席卷了歐洲、巴爾干和北非,令世界為之震驚。本節(jié)對閃擊波蘭、北歐與西歐、英國、巴爾干和北非的各階段的特點進行了比較。 第四部分論述了蘇德戰(zhàn)爭和閃擊戰(zhàn)的失利。進攻蘇聯(lián)是希特勒一大戰(zhàn)略轉(zhuǎn)折,這也預(yù)示了閃擊戰(zhàn)的失敗結(jié)局。本節(jié)在表述納粹德國閃擊戰(zhàn)最后掙扎的同時,也從另一方面分析了反法西斯力量的壯大與聯(lián)合,兩相比較,閃擊戰(zhàn)最終破產(chǎn)。 第五部分對納粹德國閃擊戰(zhàn)的理論進行了評價并對其實踐進行了總結(jié)。閃擊戰(zhàn)是先進的機械化作戰(zhàn)理論,但不幸的是卻為納粹德國所利用,戰(zhàn)爭本身的不正義性質(zhì),決定了閃擊戰(zhàn)的勝利不會長久。閃擊戰(zhàn)仍對當(dāng)今的戰(zhàn)爭有啟示和警示作用。
[Abstract]:During World War II, in Nazi Germany, as the representative of the fascist countries in the form of Blitzkrieg attacks in other countries, most countries in a very short period of time or perish quickly or suffer great losses, the power of Blitzkrieg shocked the world. In the end of World War II in Germany, Italy, Japan fascist countries shameful defeat at the end. As the advanced the theory of operation, the blitzkrieg unfortunately used by fascist States, Blitzkrieg theory itself did not disappear, on the contrary, later learned, used in today's war.
As the advanced combat theory, Blitzkrieg theory in the initial implementation phase, and achieved remarkable results. But with the development of the war, the expansion of the scope and limitations of the blitzkrieg are exposed. Especially the Nazi Germany arrogant attempt and its own limited strength between the contradictions, gradually become irreconcilable, Nazi the German Blitzkrieg power greatly reduced, finally in the Soviet Union.
On the basis of absorbing the domestic and foreign research results, and strive for the blitzkrieg to do a more systematic study, especially focusing on the blitzkrieg phase comparison. In general, the blitzkrieg is to make full use of mechanized forces, concentrate superior forces, undeclared, rapid assault, trying to subdue the enemy quickly but careful analysis can be found, the Blitz is different in each stage. These changes include not only in the military, tactical combat readiness, but also in economic, political and diplomatic. From here, we can more deeply understand the deep-seated reasons that Blitzkrieg short after the victory ended accordingly, this paper analyzes and discusses, can be divided into five parts:
The first part is to define the meaning of the Blitzkrieg and the origin of the Blitzkrieg. Mechanized warfare theory is advanced under the conditions at that time, it is usually considered as a surprise attack cannot be equated with. In fact, the strategic thought of ancient Blitzkrieg also, only in the Prussian period, Deutsche has a prototype of a unified Blitzkrieg after in-depth study, Guderian et al, is gradually mature, coupled with the support of Hitler during World War II conducted several practice.
The second part mainly discusses before the Second World War, Germany launched the background and reasons of the blitz. The outbreak of World War II, a profound domestic and international background, the reasons for the outbreak of the war. In addition, specific to the Blitz, Nazi Germany itself and then consider the subjective conditions of technology and equipment made the implementation of Blitzkrieg becomes may.
The third part is the comparison of Blitzkrieg in the preliminary victory. From the beginning of September 1, 1939, Nazi Germany blitzed Poland, by June 22, 1941 the German attack the Soviet Union, it can be said that in 1941, before the turn of the 1942 battle of Moscow to destroy the German army with broken halberds defeat, pull dry rot, like The wind puffs the clouds away. swept through Europe, the Balkans and North Africa, the the world was shocked. This section of the blitz of Poland, northern Europe and Western Europe, the UK, characteristics of each stage in the Balkans and North Africa were compared.
The fourth part discusses the Sood war and defeat Blitzkrieg. Hitler attacked the Soviet Union which was a major strategic turning point, which indicates the failure of Blitzkrieg ending. This section in the last struggle expression of German Nazi Blitzkrieg at the same time, but also from the other aspects of the growth of anti fascist forces and joint, in contrast, Blitzkrieg the ruin.
The fifth part of the German Nazi Blitzkrieg theory was evaluated and its practice are summarized. The Blitz is an advanced theory of mechanized warfare, but unfortunately it was used by Nazi Germany, the war itself is not justice, decided the victory of the blitzkrieg was not long. Blitzkrieg still have inspiration and warning for today's war.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K152

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 辛紅娜;蘇聯(lián)大縱深戰(zhàn)役理論研究[D];陜西師范大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：1733899