本文選題：第一次世界大戰(zhàn)　切入點：民族覺醒　出處：《河北經(jīng)貿(mào)大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：第一次世界大戰(zhàn)是世界近代史上一場世界性的規(guī)模巨大的戰(zhàn)爭,它不僅改變了國際的政治經(jīng)濟格局,對中國也產(chǎn)生了深刻的影響,中國政府、各界人士和國內(nèi)輿論界都對一戰(zhàn)予以了極大的關注,一戰(zhàn)促進了中華民族的新覺醒。自鴉片戰(zhàn)爭以來,民族主義觀念逐步深入人心,一戰(zhàn)的發(fā)生使世界的民族解放運動高漲,為被壓迫民族的獨立解放爭取了條件,推動了中國近代民族主義思潮的興起和發(fā)展,促進了中國全體人民民族意識的覺醒。一戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)后,北京政府迅速采取應對措施,從“嚴守中立”到兩次請求參戰(zhàn),中國通過一戰(zhàn)為維護民族利益做出了種種努力,并制定了“以工代兵”的參戰(zhàn)政策,約14萬華工被派遣到歐洲戰(zhàn)場,為協(xié)約國贏得戰(zhàn)爭勝利做出了巨大的犧牲和突出貢獻。戰(zhàn)后華工的愛國覺悟和愛國熱情高漲,成為聲援五四運動的基礎;國人反對“二十一條”等工人學生愛國運動喚醒了中國人的民族意識,為爭取民族獨立提供了生力軍,工人、學生、愛國工商業(yè)者成為民族解放的新力量。戰(zhàn)后的西方世界陷入悲觀、混亂和迷茫之中,國人對西方文化進行了批評和反思,國內(nèi)的《東方雜志》對此做了詳細報道,梁啟超、梁漱溟等人對歐洲文化有了新的認識并對國人產(chǎn)生影響。戰(zhàn)后世界范圍盛行的民族自決思潮波及于中國,列寧和威爾遜提出的“民族自決”思想客觀上促進了中國人民民族解放意識的高漲。十月社會主義革命、中國無產(chǎn)階級隊伍壯大以及新文化運動為社會主義思潮在中國的流行提供了群眾基礎和理論支持,使了馬克思列寧主義在中國進一步傳播,使中國找到了爭取民族獨立和解放的正確道路。一戰(zhàn)之后中華民族的覺醒也是世界民族解放運動的一個重要組成部分,中國及亞、非、拉國家的民族主義運動猛烈沖擊了帝國主義的殖民統(tǒng)治,從而使西方殖民主義統(tǒng)治開始走向衰亡的道路。
[Abstract]:World War I was a huge war on a worldwide scale in the modern history of the world. It not only changed the international political and economic pattern, but also had a profound impact on China.People from all walks of life and domestic public opinion have paid great attention to World War I, which promoted the new awakening of the Chinese nation.Since the Opium War, the concept of nationalism has gradually taken root in the hearts of the people. The occurrence of the first World War has made the national liberation movement in the world soaring, which has won the conditions for the independent liberation of the oppressed nations, and promoted the rise and development of the nationalist trend of thought in modern China.It has promoted the awakening of the national consciousness of all the Chinese people.After the outbreak of the first World War, the Beijing government quickly took countermeasures, ranging from "strictly observing neutrality" to asking to take part in the war twice. Through the first World War, China made all kinds of efforts to safeguard the national interests, and formulated a policy of "substituting workers for soldiers" to participate in the war.About 140000 Chinese workers were sent to European battlefields, making great sacrifices and outstanding contributions to the allies' victory in the war.After the war, the patriotic consciousness and patriotic enthusiasm of the Chinese workers became the basis of solidarity with the May 4th Movement. The patriotic movement against the "21 articles" of workers and students awakened the national consciousness of the Chinese people and provided fresh troops and workers for the struggle for national independence.Students, patriotic industrialists and businessmen became a new force for national liberation.After the war, the western world fell into pessimism, confusion and confusion. Chinese people criticized and reflected on western culture, which was reported in detail by "Oriental magazine" in China. Liang Qichao,Liang Shuming and others have a new understanding of European culture and have an impact on Chinese people.The trend of national self-determination prevailing in the world after the war spread to China, and the thought of "national self-determination" put forward by Lenin and Wilson objectively promoted the Chinese people's consciousness of national liberation.The October socialist revolution, the growing ranks of the Chinese proletariat and the new cultural movement provided the mass basis and theoretical support for the popularity of socialist thought in China, and further spread Marxism-Leninism in China.China has found the right way to fight for national independence and liberation.After World War I, the awakening of the Chinese nation was also an important part of the national liberation movement in the world. The nationalist movements of China and the Asian, African, and Latin American countries severely attacked the colonial rule of imperialism.Thus, the Western colonial rule began to decline.
【學位授予單位】：河北經(jīng)貿(mào)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K143

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