本文選題：中央情報(bào)局　切入點(diǎn)：古巴導(dǎo)彈危機(jī)　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：1962年古巴導(dǎo)彈危機(jī)的爆發(fā)對(duì)第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后的世界歷史進(jìn)程產(chǎn)生了非常重大的影響。在這次危機(jī)中，美、蘇處于核對(duì)峙局面，幾乎把人類帶入了第三次世界大戰(zhàn)的深淵，成為美蘇冷戰(zhàn)進(jìn)程中的一次極限。而作為美國(guó)決策層最主要的情報(bào)顧問，美國(guó)中央情報(bào)局都自覺或不自覺的參與其中，，并扮演了極其重要的角色。因此，從中央情報(bào)局的角度出發(fā)來(lái)研究此次危機(jī)具有重大意義。本文試圖以中央情報(bào)局為突破口，全面闡述中央情報(bào)的一舉一動(dòng)與1962年古巴導(dǎo)彈危機(jī)的關(guān)系。 全文共分為四個(gè)部分： 第一部分主要從中央情報(bào)局的角度闡述了1962年古巴導(dǎo)彈危機(jī)爆發(fā)的原因。在二戰(zhàn)后形成的兩極格局大背景下，卡斯特羅領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的古巴革命推翻親美的巴蒂斯塔獨(dú)裁政權(quán)而走上獨(dú)立發(fā)展的民族主義道路，這勢(shì)必引起美國(guó)的極大關(guān)注。由于卡斯特羅政權(quán)沒有達(dá)到美國(guó)的要求，美古關(guān)系日益惡化。而作為美國(guó)實(shí)施冷戰(zhàn)的得力工具，中央情報(bào)局制定并實(shí)施了一系列針對(duì)古巴卡斯特羅政權(quán)的敵對(duì)行動(dòng)，主要包括“冥王星計(jì)劃”的制定，并最終演化為豬灣登陸方案而付諸實(shí)施，隨后中央情報(bào)局還參與了針對(duì)古巴的“貓鼬行動(dòng)”計(jì)劃，主要負(fù)責(zé)情報(bào)搜集與破壞行動(dòng)。文章指出，中央情報(bào)局所實(shí)施的這一系列針對(duì)古巴的敵對(duì)行動(dòng)并沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)美國(guó)所要達(dá)到的目的，反而使得本來(lái)就很敏感脆弱的美古關(guān)系日益惡化，也給虎視眈眈于美國(guó)“后花園”——加勒比海島——的蘇聯(lián)一個(gè)插足的契機(jī)。這也正是蘇聯(lián)在古巴部署導(dǎo)彈的原因之一。不管中央情報(bào)局意圖如何，它的確成為這場(chǎng)危機(jī)爆發(fā)的不自覺的“點(diǎn)火者”。另外，文章還分析了艾倫·杜勒斯在此次危機(jī)爆發(fā)中扮演的角色。 第二部分主要論述了中央情報(bào)局與1962年古巴導(dǎo)彈危機(jī)的解決。本部分主要從危機(jī)前的情報(bào)搜集與分析、危機(jī)期間的情報(bào)搜集與分析、危機(jī)結(jié)束后的情報(bào)搜集與分析等方面來(lái)展開論述。文章認(rèn)為，中央情報(bào)局在執(zhí)行“貓鼬行動(dòng)”計(jì)劃過程中，就發(fā)現(xiàn)了“某種不同尋常的”變化，并及時(shí)向美國(guó)政府匯報(bào)。中央情報(bào)局通過不同方式的情報(bào)搜集及分析工作，及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)了部署在古巴的導(dǎo)彈，為美國(guó)決策提供有力情報(bào)依據(jù)，這也為危機(jī)的和平解決奠定了情報(bào)基礎(chǔ)。另外，本文還對(duì)約翰·麥科恩作了一系列分析，指出其在這場(chǎng)危機(jī)解決中所起的作用。 第三部分以1962年古巴導(dǎo)彈危機(jī)為例，分析中央情報(bào)局在美國(guó)決策中所扮演的角色。本文主要從情報(bào)搜集與分析、秘密行動(dòng)、中央情報(bào)局局長(zhǎng)三個(gè)方面來(lái)展開論述。文章認(rèn)為中央情報(bào)局的情報(bào)搜集與分析為美國(guó)決策提供情報(bào)依據(jù)，其情報(bào)無(wú)論是準(zhǔn)確與否，都會(huì)對(duì)美國(guó)外交決策產(chǎn)生重大的影響；對(duì)美國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō)，中央情報(bào)局的秘密行動(dòng)也是一把雙刃劍，一次成功的秘密行動(dòng)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)美國(guó)所想要的目標(biāo)，但是一次失敗的秘密行動(dòng)，會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響美國(guó)外交形象及外交政策的制定；另外，美國(guó)中央情報(bào)局局長(zhǎng)也在美國(guó)外交決策中發(fā)揮著重大作用。 最后，通過對(duì)美國(guó)中央情報(bào)局與古巴導(dǎo)彈危機(jī)的研究，得出一些對(duì)我國(guó)情報(bào)部門可資借鑒的東西。
[Abstract]:The 1962 Cuban missile crisis have a significant impact on the history of the world after the Second World War. In this crisis, the United States, the Soviet Union in a nuclear confrontation, almost put human beings into the Third World War the abyss, became a limit in the process of the cold war. As the intelligence adviser to the U.S. the main decision makers, the CIA has consciously or unconsciously involved, and plays a very important role. Therefore, is of great significance to study the crisis starting from the aspect of the Central Intelligence Agency. According to the CIA as a breakthrough, a comprehensive exposition of the relationship between the CIA and the 1962 Cuban missile every act and every move the crisis.
The full text is divided into four parts:
The first part mainly from the perspective of the Central Intelligence Agency in 1962 the Cuban missile crisis. In the background of the formation of the bipolar pattern after World War II, the Cuban Revolutionary leader Castro overthrew the pro american Batista dictatorship and embark on an independentnational Road, it is bound to cause great concern to the United States. Because of the Castro regime did not meet the requirements of the United States, the relationship between beauty is increasingly deteriorating. As a powerful tool of American Cold War, the Central Intelligence Agency to develop and implement a series of hostile actions against Cuba Castro regime, including "making Pluto plans", and eventually landing plan for the Bay of pigs and put into practice, then the CIA participate to Cuba "operation mongoose" plan, mainly responsible for intelligence collection and destruction. The article points out that the implementation of the Central Intelligence Agency This series of hostile actions against Cuba did not achieve the United States to achieve the purpose, but makes it very sensitive and fragile beauty of ancient deteriorating relationships, but also to the United States to look at fiercely as a tiger does "back garden": the Caribbean island - the opportunity of a Soviet involvement. This is one reason why the Soviet missiles in Cuba the Central Intelligence Agency. No matter how intent it does become conscious of the "ignition" of this crisis. In addition, the article also analyzes the Alan Dulles play in the crisis in the role.
The second part mainly discusses the solution of the Central Intelligence Agency and the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. This part mainly from the intelligence collection and analysis before the crisis, intelligence gathering and analysis during the crisis, intelligence collection and analysis, after the end of the crisis to discuss. The article thinks that the Central Intelligence Agency in the implementation of the "operation mongoose" plan in the process, discovered some unusual changes ", and report to the U.S. government in a timely manner. The Central Intelligence Agency through different ways of intelligence gathering and analysis, to discover the deployment of missiles in Cuba, the United States provides powerful intelligence basis for decision-making, it also laid the foundation for a peaceful solution to the crisis information. In addition, this paper also made a series of analysis of John maccone, pointed out in the play the role of solving the crisis.
The third part of the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 as an example, analysis of the Central Intelligence Agency in the United States have played roles in decision making. This article mainly from the intelligence collection and analysis, covert operations, three aspects of the director of the Central Intelligence Agency to discuss. The CIA intelligence gathering and analysis provide the basis for the decision of its intelligence, intelligence whether it is accurate or not, will have a significant impact on the foreign policy of the United States; for the United States, the CIA's covert action is a double-edged sword, a successful secret action to achieve the desired goal of America, but the failure of a secret action, will seriously affect the development of American diplomacy and diplomatic image policy; in addition, the director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the United States foreign policy plays an important role.
Finally, through the study of the United States Central Intelligence Agency and the Cuban missile crisis, some of the things that can be used for reference in our country's intelligence department are drawn.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K712.54;K751.5

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