本文選題：塞浦路斯問(wèn)題　切入點(diǎn)：修憲危機(jī)　出處：《東北師范大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 塞浦路斯是位于地中海東南角的一個(gè)島國(guó)。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以后,英國(guó)殖民者“分而治之”的統(tǒng)治政策,在塞浦路斯引發(fā)了影響深遠(yuǎn)的族群?jiǎn)栴},同時(shí)由此還導(dǎo)致了希、土兩國(guó)在這一問(wèn)題上的紛爭(zhēng)。1960年,塞浦路斯在《蘇黎世——倫敦協(xié)定》的“保護(hù)”下實(shí)現(xiàn)了獨(dú)立,之后,首任總統(tǒng)馬卡里奧斯為進(jìn)一步擺脫英、土、希三國(guó)的限制,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)塞浦路斯徹底獨(dú)立而在1963年年底提出了修改憲法的要求,這引發(fā)了塞浦路斯自獨(dú)立以來(lái)第一次最為嚴(yán)重的政治危機(jī)。由此,希、土兩國(guó)政府為了爭(zhēng)奪塞浦路斯而屢欲交火,這就必然會(huì)危及到西方陣營(yíng)內(nèi)部的團(tuán)結(jié)。作為西方陣營(yíng)首領(lǐng)的美國(guó)為了避免希、土兩國(guó)發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),維系東地中海地區(qū)的穩(wěn)定,不得不直接插手解決塞浦路斯問(wèn)題。 約翰遜政府面對(duì)塞浦路斯出現(xiàn)的危機(jī),先后派遣代理國(guó)務(wù)卿喬治·鮑爾和前國(guó)務(wù)卿艾奇遜進(jìn)行斡旋,但由于其政策的出發(fā)點(diǎn)本身就存在問(wèn)題:不是為了從根本上解決塞浦路斯問(wèn)題,實(shí)現(xiàn)塞浦路斯人民徹底獨(dú)立的要求,而是為了防止希土戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的爆發(fā),不顧塞浦路斯人民的利益去迎合希、土兩國(guó)的利益要求。因此,約翰遜政府提出的各項(xiàng)對(duì)策注定要以失敗而告終,與此同時(shí)還導(dǎo)致了美希、美土關(guān)系的惡化,為蘇聯(lián)介入塞浦路斯問(wèn)題提供了契機(jī)。
[Abstract]:Cyprus is an island country in the southeastern corner of the Mediterranean Sea.After the end of the second World War, the British colonists' policy of "divide and rule" caused a profound ethnic problem in Cyprus, which also led to a dispute between Greece and Turkey on this issue.After Cyprus achieved its independence under the "protection" of the Zurich-London Agreement, the first President, Maka Rios, sought to further free himself from the restrictions imposed by Britain, Turkey and Greece.At the end of 1963, a request to amend the Constitution was put forward, which led to the most serious political crisis in Cyprus since independence.As a result, the Greek and Turkish governments are fighting for Cyprus, which is bound to jeopardize the unity within the Western camp.The United States, the leader of the Western camp, had to intervene directly to resolve the Cyprus problem in order to avoid a war between the two countries and to maintain stability in the eastern Mediterranean.In the face of the crisis in Cyprus, the Johnson administration sent acting Secretary of State George Bauer and former Secretary of State Acheson successively to mediate.But because the starting point of its policy is itself problematic: not for the fundamental settlement of the Cyprus problem and the demand for the complete independence of the Cypriot people, but for the purpose of preventing the outbreak of the war between Greece and Turkey,Regardless of the interests of the people of Cyprus to meet the interests of Greece and Turkey.Therefore, the countermeasures proposed by the Johnson administration were doomed to fail, and at the same time led to the deterioration of relations between America and Greece and the United States and Turkey, which provided an opportunity for the Soviet Union to intervene in the Cyprus problem.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：K153

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 喬永俊;1974年塞浦路斯危機(jī)研究[D];華東師范大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號(hào)：1700834