本文選題：柏林封鎖　切入點(diǎn)：美國(guó)政策　出處：《首都師范大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 本文主要探討了美國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)柏林封鎖的政策。面對(duì)蘇聯(lián)的封鎖，美國(guó)政府首先做出留在柏林，進(jìn)行空運(yùn)的決策。爾后，在空運(yùn)得以加強(qiáng)的基礎(chǔ)上，美國(guó)政府提出了通過(guò)外交談判來(lái)解決危機(jī)的政策，最終危機(jī)得以和平解決。 全文分為三章：第一章論述了柏林封鎖的兩大背景：一是美蘇冷戰(zhàn)拉開帷幕，二是美蘇在德國(guó)問(wèn)題上的分歧，此外，本章還敘述了美國(guó)對(duì)蘇聯(lián)實(shí)施封鎖的早期預(yù)測(cè)和措施。第二章論述了蘇聯(lián)全面封鎖柏林后，柏林美國(guó)軍事當(dāng)局和華盛頓的討論，，美國(guó)最后做出留在柏林進(jìn)行空運(yùn)的決策，并進(jìn)一步論述了美國(guó)初期決策的特征及深層次的原因。在本章中還論述了在美英空運(yùn)加強(qiáng)的基礎(chǔ)上，美英法蘇四國(guó)展開的莫斯科協(xié)商和柏林軍事長(zhǎng)官間的協(xié)商。第三章論述了柏林城市分裂之后，在把柏林問(wèn)題提交給聯(lián)合國(guó)的同時(shí)，美國(guó)采取措施加強(qiáng)分裂德國(guó)。1949年春，西方空運(yùn)進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)，西方對(duì)蘇占區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)封鎖達(dá)到極限，西方加速建立西德國(guó)家和北約。在這種情況下，蘇聯(lián)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者感到封鎖不能達(dá)到其目的，遂向美國(guó)發(fā)出了可以解除封鎖的暗示。美國(guó)迅速抓住了這一機(jī)會(huì)，由此雙方開始了解除封鎖的杰塞普-馬立克協(xié)商，并最終達(dá)成了解除封鎖的協(xié)定。 通過(guò)分析，本文認(rèn)為，空運(yùn)和外交談判是美國(guó)處理柏林危機(jī)的兩項(xiàng)主要政策�？者\(yùn)和談判都取得了成效，二者相輔相成，空運(yùn)增加了談判的籌碼，談判為空運(yùn)贏得了寶貴的時(shí)間。柏林危機(jī)以及它的和平解決，突出顯示了冷戰(zhàn)的特點(diǎn)，雖然柏林封鎖導(dǎo)致雙方的緊張對(duì)抗，但是雙方都留有余地，避免了正面戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，并最終通過(guò)談判解決了這一危機(jī)，這也充分體現(xiàn)了冷戰(zhàn)所具有的自我控制機(jī)制的特點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly discusses the policy of the United States to deal with the blockade in Berlin. In the face of the blockade of the Soviet Union, the United States government first made the decision to stay in Berlin and carry out air transportation. Later, on the basis of the strengthening of air transportation, The American government put forward the policy of resolving the crisis through diplomatic negotiation, and finally the crisis was resolved peacefully. The full text is divided into three chapters: the first chapter discusses the two major backgrounds of the Berlin blockade: the beginning of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, and the differences between the United States and the Soviet Union on the German issue. This chapter also describes the early predictions and measures of the blockade imposed by the United States against the Soviet Union. Chapter two discusses the discussions between the US military authorities in Berlin and Washington after the Soviet blockade of Berlin, and the decision of the United States to stay in Berlin for air transportation. The paper also discusses the characteristics and reasons of the initial decision-making in the United States. In this chapter, it also discusses the basis of the strengthening of air transportation in the United States and the United Kingdom. The Moscow consultation between the United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union and the consultation between the military Chiefs of Berlin. Chapter III discusses the Berlin issue after the division of the city, and at the same time referring the Berlin issue to the United Nations, the United States took measures to strengthen the division of Germany. In the spring of 1949, Western air transportation was further strengthened, the economic blockade imposed by the West on the Soviet occupation region reached its limit, and the West accelerated the establishment of West Germany and NATO. Under such circumstances, Soviet leaders felt that the blockade could not achieve its purpose. The United States quickly seized the opportunity and the two sides began the Jessup-Malik negotiations to lift the blockade and finally reached an agreement to lift it. Through analysis, this paper holds that air transportation and diplomatic negotiations are the two main policies of the United States in dealing with the Berlin crisis. The Berlin crisis and its peaceful settlement have highlighted the characteristics of the cold war. Although the Berlin blockade has led to a tense confrontation between the two sides, both sides have left room to avoid direct war. Finally, the crisis was resolved through negotiation, which fully reflects the characteristics of self-control mechanism of the cold war.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：K153

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 沙治平;單極體系聯(lián)盟困境研究[D];外交學(xué)院;2010年

本文編號(hào)：1700031