發(fā)布時間：2018-03-31 12:24

  本文選題：中國禮儀之爭　切入點(diǎn)：朝鮮　出處：《延邊大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： “中國禮儀之爭”起始于17世紀(jì)的西學(xué)東漸時期,是東方儒家思想與西方天主教思想的一次沖突與碰撞。明清之際,耶酥會士為西學(xué)東漸做出了很大貢獻(xiàn),他們所遵循的“利瑪竇規(guī)矩”使天主教在中國得以順利傳播。利瑪竇去世后,耶穌會內(nèi)部出現(xiàn)了關(guān)于中國的天主教徒是否要遵從中國傳統(tǒng)禮儀的爭論,后來其它幾個教派也參與爭論,由此引起了康熙皇帝與羅馬教皇之間的交涉。隨著爭論規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大和有關(guān)沖突的升級,清廷于18世紀(jì)初開始禁止在中國傳播天主教。禁教前后持續(xù)了一百多年,直到19世紀(jì)中葉。清朝的禁教,在有效抵抗天主教思想入侵、維護(hù)封建統(tǒng)治的同時,阻礙了西學(xué)東漸,在客觀上阻礙和推遲了中國的近代化進(jìn)程。 中國和朝鮮有深厚的歷史淵源,兩國之間長期保持著密切的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化關(guān)系。發(fā)生在中國的“禮儀之爭”,無疑會對朝鮮造成一定的影響。史實(shí)證明,它與朝鮮后世的宗教、科技、思想和社會都有千絲萬縷的關(guān)系。 朝鮮天主教的傳播進(jìn)程明顯受到“中國禮儀之爭”的影響。朝鮮的天主教是砂中國傳入的。該國的“燕行使臣”在出使中國時,與北京的西方傳教士有較多的接觸,并于1784年自主引入了天主教。1790年,北京主教湯士選告誡朝鮮教徒,禁止祭祀祖先,此事成為朝鮮“禮儀之爭”的導(dǎo)火索。翌年,朝鮮出現(xiàn)了教徒“廢祀焚主”的“珍山事件”,隨即遭到政府的嚴(yán)厲處置。此后,朝鮮出現(xiàn)了“斥邪”風(fēng)潮,統(tǒng)治者對天主教進(jìn)行了多次大規(guī)模的鎮(zhèn)壓。天主教在朝鮮的傳播歷程充滿了曲折與坎坷。 受“中國禮儀之爭”影響,朝鮮社會對西方科技的吸收,到19世紀(jì)初幾乎處于停滯狀態(tài)。朝鮮社會吸收西方科技,最初是從中國的漢譯西學(xué)書開始的,中國是朝鮮吸收西方科技的重要渠道。18世紀(jì)初中國的禁教,使朝鮮吸收西方科技的源泉枯竭。朝鮮統(tǒng)治者最初對吸收西方科技持有積極的態(tài)度,隨著天主教的傳入及其與性理學(xué)的沖突,李朝政府開始全面排拒西學(xué)。18世紀(jì)末,朝鮮開始禁教,更是阻止?jié)h譯西學(xué)書的傳入。中朝兩國先后禁教,使朝鮮吸收西方科技受到極大挫折。 “中國禮儀之爭”對朝鮮近代思想與社會發(fā)展也存在著潛在的影響�！爸袊Y儀之爭”是朝鮮近代“衛(wèi)正斥邪”思想重新抬頭的誘因之一�！靶l(wèi)正斥邪”思想與朝鮮的“鎖國攘夷”政策相呼應(yīng),在有效抗擊列強(qiáng)侵?jǐn)_的同時,朝鮮的社會更加孤立。由于百年禁教,中國直到鴉片戰(zhàn)爭前后才開始接受西方近代先進(jìn)思想,朝鮮則比中國更晚,朝鮮近代化運(yùn)動的失敗,與此有一定關(guān)系。另外,清朝禁教之后,中國的社會更趨封閉,發(fā)展更加緩慢,中國在西方資本主義飛速發(fā)展的同時漸漸落伍。在資本主義列強(qiáng)的侵略和沖擊下,朝鮮終止了與中國的朝貢冊封關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:"the dispute over Chinese etiquette" began in the 17th century, during the period of Western learning to the east. It was a clash and collision between Eastern Confucianism and Western Catholic thought. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Jesuit made great contributions to the eastward spread of Western learning. The "Ricci rules" they followed allowed Catholicism to spread smoothly in China. After Matteo Ricci's death, there was a debate within the Jesuits about whether Catholics in China should abide by Chinese traditional rituals. Later several other denominations joined in the dispute, which led to negotiations between Emperor Kangxi and the Pope of Rome. As the dispute grew in scope and related conflicts escalated, The Qing government banned the spread of Catholicism in China at the beginning of the 18th century. The ban lasted for more than a hundred years, until the middle of the 19th century. The ban on Catholicism effectively resisted the invasion of Catholic ideology and maintained feudal rule, and at the same time prevented Western learning from spreading to the east. Objectively, it obstructs and delays the process of modernization of China. China and North Korea have deep historical ties, and the two countries have maintained close political, economic and cultural relations for a long time. The "dispute of etiquette" that takes place in China will undoubtedly have a certain impact on the DPRK. Historical facts have proved that. It is closely related to Korean religion, science and technology, thought and society. The spread of Korean Catholicism was obviously influenced by the "dispute over Chinese etiquette." North Korea's Catholicism was introduced by Sand China. When the country's "Yan Qian Chen" was travelling to China, it had more contact with Western missionaries in Beijing. He introduced Catholicism on his own in 1784. In 1790, Bishop Tang Shixuan of Beijing warned Korean Christians against sacrificing their ancestors, which became the trigger for a "ceremonial dispute" in North Korea. The "Jin-shan incident" of abrogation and immolation in North Korea was dealt with harshly by the government. Since then, there has been a wave of "excoriating evil" in North Korea. The rulers suppressed Catholicism on a large scale. The spread of Catholicism in North Korea was full of twists and turns. Under the influence of the "dispute of Chinese etiquette", the absorption of western science and technology in Korean society was almost at a standstill by the beginning of the 19th century. China is an important channel for North Korea to absorb western science and technology. China's ban on education in the early 18th century dried up the source of North Korea's absorption of Western science and technology. The DPRK rulers initially held a positive attitude towards the absorption of Western science and technology. With the introduction of Catholicism and its conflict with sexology, the Li Dynasty government began to completely reject Western learning. At the end of the 18th century, North Korea began to ban religion, and even more to prevent the introduction of Chinese-translated books on western studies. China and North Korea have successively banned religion. North Korea's absorption of Western technology was greatly frustrated. "the controversy of Chinese etiquette" also has a potential influence on the modern thought and social development of Korea. "the controversy of Chinese etiquette" is one of the inducements of the rise of the thought of "Wei Zheng reproving evil" in modern Korea, and the thought of "Wei Zheng denouncing evil" and North Korea. Echoing the policy of "locking the country into the barbarians", While effectively fighting against the invasion of foreign powers, North Korea's society became more isolated. Because of the century-old ban on religion, China did not begin to accept the advanced ideas of the West until around the Opium War, while North Korea was later than China, and the Korean modernization movement failed. It has something to do with this. In addition, after the ban on religion in the Qing Dynasty, China's society became more closed and developed more slowly, and China gradually fell behind with the rapid development of Western capitalism. Under the aggression and impact of the capitalist powers, North Korea ended its canonized relations with China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：延邊大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K312

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