發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-30 20:08

  本文選題：木戶幸一　切入點(diǎn)：外交思想　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2010年博士論文

【摘要】： 木戶幸一是日本昭和前期重要的宮廷政治家,他不僅是近衛(wèi)文磨的好友,而且長期擔(dān)任作為昭和天皇第一側(cè)近的內(nèi)大臣一職,在整個(gè)日本上層有著廣泛的人脈關(guān)系,其外交思想對(duì)于20世紀(jì)30、40年代日本帝國主義的侵略擴(kuò)張有著直接而又深刻的影響。本文以木戶幸一外交思想的形成、發(fā)展、演變?yōu)橹骶�,主要考察1930-1945年期間木戶外交思想嬗變的原因、外交思想與外交行為運(yùn)作的特點(diǎn)、以及其外交思想對(duì)日本外交決策的影響。論文正文部分由五章組成。 第一章主要論述木戶幸一外交思想的形成。首先從其元?jiǎng)字蟮募沂�、受教育�?jīng)歷、工作經(jīng)歷等幾方面論述了其成長經(jīng)歷；接著就宮中集團(tuán)對(duì)日本政治、外交的重大影響力以及木戶與宮中集團(tuán)的關(guān)系展開論述；最后,從時(shí)代背景、西園寺公望和近衛(wèi)文磨的影響等三方面分析木戶幸一“革新”外交觀的形成。 第二章著重分析木戶幸一對(duì)華、對(duì)德、對(duì)蘇的外交思想。伴隨著九一八事變的爆發(fā),木戶幸一提出了自己獨(dú)特的外交思想——“善導(dǎo)論”,并在之后很長一段時(shí)間以之作為自己外交思想指導(dǎo)思想。于是,在華方面,他堅(jiān)持強(qiáng)硬到底；對(duì)納粹德國方面,暗中促成三國同盟；對(duì)蘇聯(lián)則常懷防備之心。這一階段,木戶幸一是第一屆近衛(wèi)內(nèi)閣的重要閣僚,對(duì)近衛(wèi)內(nèi)閣的外交決策有著重大影響,被稱為“近衛(wèi)的影子”。 第三章集中分析木戶幸一的對(duì)美外交思想。此時(shí)木戶幸一已經(jīng)升任內(nèi)大臣,對(duì)天皇、對(duì)日本政局有著重大的影響力。盡管木戶對(duì)軍部蓄謀已久的“南進(jìn)政策”不持異議,但是基于國力差距等考慮,木戶提出了“臥薪嘗膽論”。作為拖延時(shí)間的手段,木戶支持日美和談。在1941年底日美和談走向逐漸絕望之際,木戶仍力圖避免日美過早開戰(zhàn)并推薦東條英機(jī)上臺(tái)。最后在《赫爾備忘錄》的最后通牒下,木戶幸一轉(zhuǎn)變態(tài)度,促成了日本對(duì)美開戰(zhàn)。 第四章主要論述木戶幸一的終戰(zhàn)外交思想與實(shí)踐。隨著戰(zhàn)局的每況日下,身為“天皇的影子”的內(nèi)大臣木戶幸一,也逐漸對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)不再抱有樂觀態(tài)度。主和派逐漸聚集,作為主和派的核心,木戶幸一開始著手進(jìn)行終戰(zhàn)事宜。內(nèi)政方面,木戶以天皇的利益和政局穩(wěn)定為主要考量,在政局變更方面循序漸進(jìn)：先延長東條的任期,在時(shí)機(jī)成熟后才迫使其下臺(tái)；然后繼續(xù)推薦軍人內(nèi)閣,穩(wěn)定好戰(zhàn)勢(shì)力；最后在敗局已定的時(shí)刻才推舉終戰(zhàn)內(nèi)閣。外交方面,木戶一方面起草了《收拾時(shí)局之對(duì)策試案》,為束手無策的日本統(tǒng)治層提供了一整套應(yīng)對(duì)方案；另一方面則直接操縱日本外交,寄希望通過蘇聯(lián)的外交斡旋,與美國進(jìn)行談判。最終,木戶幸一的終戰(zhàn)外交雖然沒有取得預(yù)想的成果,但還是促成了日本盡快投降,并為天皇守住了保留天皇制這一最基本的底線。 第五章作為結(jié)語章,對(duì)木戶幸一的外交思想作一簡(jiǎn)單總結(jié)和評(píng)價(jià)。木戶幸一的外交思想,是在�；蔬@一核心理念的基礎(chǔ)上,“革新”思想和日本傳統(tǒng)政治思想的結(jié)合體。木戶幸一在日本帝國主義發(fā)動(dòng)的侵略戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中扮演了重要角色,負(fù)有重大責(zé)任；但另一方面,他在日本終戰(zhàn)中所做出的努力也是后人值得注意的。
[Abstract]:Kiko Yukichi is a Japanese early Showa important court politicians, he is not only a friend of Konoe Ayama, and longtime as emperor Showa, the first side of minister, has extensive contacts throughout Japan top diplomatic thought has a direct andprofound impact for the twentieth Century 30,40 year on behalf of the Japanese imperialist aggression expansion in order to form development. In this paper, Kiko Yukichi's diplomatic thought, evolution, the main reason to study 1930-1945 years during the Kido diplomatic thought of the evolution of the characteristics of diplomatic thought and behavior of the operation, and the influence of foreign thoughts on Japanese foreign policy. The main part of this thesis consists of five chapters.
The first chapter mainly discusses the formation of Kiko Yukichi's diplomatic thought. Firstly the fathers after family, education, work experience and other aspects discusses its growing experience; then the palace group of Japanese politics, diplomacy and the relationship between influential families and wooden palace group is discussed; finally, from the background, Xiyuan Temple public Wang and Konoe Ayama are the three aspects of analysis of wood to a household "innovation" diplomatic view formation.
The second chapter focuses on the analysis of Kiko Yukichi's China, Germany, the Soviet diplomatic thought. With the outbreak of the 918 incident, Kiko Yukichi put forward his own unique diplomatic thoughts -- "good introduction", and after a long period of time as his leading diplomatic thought. So, in China, he insisted on tough in Nazi Germany;, secretly made the triple alliance; the Soviet Union is often defensive. In this stage, Kiko Yukichi is the first important cabinet members of the Konoe cabinet, has a significant effect on the Konoe administration foreign policy, known as "Konoe's shadow".
Analysis of the beauty of Kiko Yukichi's diplomatic thoughts in third chapter. At this time Kiko Yukichi had risen to the rank of minister, for the emperor, has a great influence on the political situation in Japan. Although Kido to army premeditated "Southward Policy" has no objection, but the strength gap based on consideration, Kido proposed a "revival theory" as. Time delay means Kido support Japan peace talks. At the end of 1941 Japan talks toward despair, Kido still tries to avoid premature war and recommend Tojo E to Japan. Finally, in "the Hull ultimatum" memo, Kiko Yukichi contributed to the change of attitude of the war against Japan.
The fourth chapter mainly discusses Kido to the end of the war the diplomatic thought and practice. As the battle of each state, as the "emperor's shadow" minister Kiko Yukichi, also gradually to the war does not optimistic. The accumulation, as the core of the Kiko Yukichi, started the final battle of domestic matters., Kido in his interests and political stability as the main consideration, step by step in political change: to extend Tojo's term, when the time is ripe to force him to step down; then continue to recommend the military cabinet, stable militant potential force; at the end of the end time before the end of the war cabinet. Elected foreign affairs, kibe on the one hand, the drafting of the "clean up the situation of the Trial Measures", provides a set of solutions for the Japanese rule layer on the other hand, at a loss what to do; direct manipulation of Japanese diplomacy, hopes that the Soviet Union Outside Mediation and negotiations with the United States. Ultimately, Kiko Yukichi's final war diplomacy did not achieve the desired results, but it contributed to Japan's surrender as soon as possible, and kept the most basic line for emperor to retain the Mikado system.
The fifth chapter is the conclusion chapter, the diplomatic thought of Kiko Yukichi make a brief summary and evaluation of Kiko Yukichi's diplomatic thought, is based on the core concept of "combination of royalist, innovative thoughts and traditional Japanese political thought. Kiko Yukichi moved in the war of aggression of Japanese imperialism has played an important role in. Major responsibility; but on the other hand, he made at the end of the war in Japan in later efforts are also worth noting.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K313

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

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本文編號(hào)：1687450