本文選題：民族國家　切入點(diǎn)：市民階層　出處：《中央民族大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： “民族國家是歐洲中世紀(jì)后期出現(xiàn)并在資產(chǎn)階級時(shí)代普遍形成的國家形式”,是掙脫歐洲中世紀(jì)的舊秩序而形成的一種新型國家。表現(xiàn)為：在政治上擁有了主權(quán),建立起了比較健全的國家機(jī)構(gòu),國家疆界逐漸形成；在經(jīng)濟(jì)上,建立起了比較統(tǒng)一的國內(nèi)市場,同時(shí)積極發(fā)展對外貿(mào)易,開辟國外市場；在思想文化上,作為構(gòu)成民族國家主體的國民萌生了比較強(qiáng)烈的民族意識,他們承認(rèn)自己的國家,愿作它的國民,希望它強(qiáng)盛；民族國家擁有了承認(rèn)它并構(gòu)成它的國民,而正是這樣的國民群體構(gòu)成了近代民族國家的主體。 在近代民族國家形成中,國民的作用是不言而喻的,它是近代民族國家形成的基礎(chǔ)。本文以英國國民中的市民階層為例,探尋市民階層在近代民族國家形成中的作用。 在政治方面,市民階層在英國近代民族國家形成中起了關(guān)鍵性作用。市民階層的力量日益壯大,他們不但推動(dòng)了亨利八世的宗教改革,還促使英國議會(huì)尤其是下議院得到進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展,國家機(jī)構(gòu)在托馬斯·克倫威爾政府機(jī)構(gòu)的改革下日趨完善,使近代民族國家的政體雛形基本形成。 在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面,市民階層在英國近代民族國家形成中同樣起了重要的作用。在他們的推動(dòng)下,英國的國內(nèi)貿(mào)易在16世紀(jì)時(shí)得到較快的發(fā)展。市場的發(fā)展促進(jìn)了英國的鄉(xiāng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的起飛,而鄉(xiāng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展又為城市經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展提供了強(qiáng)有力的支持和推動(dòng),城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)相互促進(jìn),加速了統(tǒng)一市場的形成。同時(shí),英國的對外貿(mào)易也發(fā)展迅速,其市場遍及歐洲、非洲、遠(yuǎn)東中國和印度等地。 在思想文化方面,市民階層在英國近代民族國家形成中的作用主要是推動(dòng)了民族語—英語的基本形成、以愛國主義為主要內(nèi)容的人文主義的傳播,以及國民民族意識的增強(qiáng)。而這些又是民族國家形成不可缺少的思想和文化基礎(chǔ)。 在宗教方面,市民階層在英國近代民族國家形成中的作用是舉足輕重的。中世紀(jì)后期,隨著城鎮(zhèn)經(jīng)濟(jì)和鄉(xiāng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展,市民階層日益成長和壯大起來,他們迫切需要建立統(tǒng)一的民族市場和廉潔教會(huì),作為市民代表的威克里夫的宗教改革,解放了人們的思想,客觀上推動(dòng)了人們反教會(huì)的斗爭,為英國甚至為西歐后來的宗教改革奠定了重要的思想基礎(chǔ)；在市民階層的支持下,亨利八世所進(jìn)行的宗教改革,為英國建立自己的民族教會(huì)奠定了重要的基礎(chǔ),這也是英國民族國家建立所不可缺少的。
[Abstract]:"the nation-state is a form of state that emerged in the late Middle Ages of Europe and formed generally in the bourgeois era". It is a new type of country formed by breaking away from the old order of the Middle Ages in Europe. With the establishment of relatively sound state institutions and the gradual formation of national boundaries, a relatively unified domestic market has been established economically, while foreign trade has been actively developed and foreign markets have been opened up; ideologically and culturally, The people who constitute the main body of the nation-state have a relatively strong national consciousness. They recognize their own country and wish to be its nationals, hoping it will be strong; the nation-state has the nationals who recognize it and constitute it. And it is such a national group that constitutes the main body of the modern nation-state. In the formation of modern nation-state, the national function is self-evident, it is the foundation of the formation of modern nation-state. This paper takes the citizen stratum of British people as an example to explore the role of citizen class in the formation of modern nation-state. In politics, the civic class played a key role in the formation of a modern nation-state in Britain. The strength of the civil class grew, and they not only promoted the religious reform of Henry VIII, It also promoted the further development of the British Parliament, especially the House of Commons, and the gradual perfection of the state institutions under the reform of Thomas Cromwell's government institutions, which basically formed the embryonic form of government of the modern nation-state. On the economic front, the civil class also played an important role in the formation of a modern nation-state in Britain. Britain's domestic trade developed rapidly in the 16th century. The development of the market promoted the take-off of the rural economy of England, and the development of the rural economy provided strong support and impetus for the development of the urban economy. The mutual promotion of urban and rural economies has accelerated the formation of a unified market. At the same time, Britain's foreign trade has developed rapidly, with markets throughout Europe, Africa, far East China and India. In terms of ideology and culture, the role of the civic class in the formation of the modern nation-state in Britain is mainly to promote the basic formation of the national language-English, and the spread of humanism, which takes patriotism as the main content. And the enhancement of national consciousness, which is the indispensable ideological and cultural basis for the formation of nation-state. In terms of religion, the civic class played an important role in the formation of the modern nation-state in Britain. In the late Middle Ages, with the continuous development of the urban and rural economy, the civic class grew and expanded day by day. They urgently need to establish a unified national market and a clean church. As a representative of the citizens, the religious reform of Vikriff has liberated people's minds and objectively promoted people's struggle against the church. It laid an important ideological foundation for Britain and even for the later religious reforms in Western Europe. With the support of the civic class, the religious reforms carried out by Henry VIII laid an important foundation for Britain to establish its own national church. This is also an indispensable part of the establishment of a British nation-state.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K561.4

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