本文選題：“火炬”行動　切入點：英國戰(zhàn)略　出處：《首都師范大學》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 本文論述了第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間的英美實施“火炬”行動的背景及決策過程,是一篇有關軍事歷史和軍事外交的論文。 英美之間的戰(zhàn)略接觸在二戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)前就已經(jīng)開始。1938年美國海軍作戰(zhàn)計劃司司長英格索爾奉羅斯福之命前往倫敦,與英方舉行非正式的秘密會談,標志著英美戰(zhàn)略合作的開端。到美國參戰(zhàn)前,英美兩國在1939年、1940年和1941年舉行了多次會談,涉及范圍由遠東太平洋逐漸擴大到大西洋,參與軍種由單一的海軍發(fā)展到各軍種,尤其1941年1-3月的ABC會談更是確定了“先歐后亞”的大戰(zhàn)略框架,是英美合作的里程碑。 然而,出于不同的國家利益,英美雙方在如何實行“先歐后亞”的大戰(zhàn)略上卻存在著不同的解讀。英國的戰(zhàn)略主張通過經(jīng)濟封鎖、空襲和顛覆手段消耗敵人,等敵弱我強時再發(fā)起正面進攻。美國的戰(zhàn)略主張與敵人盡早進行面對面的大規(guī)模決戰(zhàn)。從1941年12月“阿卡迪亞”會議開始,英美雙方圍繞歐洲戰(zhàn)略和太平洋戰(zhàn)略展開了一系列費時費力的觀點交鋒。1943年以前,已有兩年作戰(zhàn)經(jīng)驗的英國,在軍事戰(zhàn)略方面比美國更加成熟、更有優(yōu)勢。相比之下,美國軍方由于缺乏總體政策的指導,對大戰(zhàn)略的實施沒有詳細方案。所以,在美國參戰(zhàn)后一段不短的時期內(nèi),英國的戰(zhàn)略構想成為盟國作戰(zhàn)的主要戰(zhàn)略選擇。其表現(xiàn)之一就是邱吉爾戰(zhàn)略思想的“體育家”計劃的實行。該計劃后來發(fā)展為著名的“火炬”行動。 英美戰(zhàn)前和戰(zhàn)時的戰(zhàn)略合作表現(xiàn)出既合作又斗爭的鮮明特點�；鹁嫘袆釉谶@樣的背景下成功完成。它是整個反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭的重要組成部分,使同盟國控制了整個北非,標志著第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中的戰(zhàn)略優(yōu)勢開始轉移到聯(lián)合國家手中。它也鼓舞了世界反法西斯人民。它是“霸王行動”的第一次演習,為盟國日后實施大規(guī)模登陸作戰(zhàn)提供了實戰(zhàn)經(jīng)驗。
[Abstract]:This paper discusses the background and decision-making process of the implementation of Torch in Britain and the United States during the second World War. It is a paper about military history and military diplomacy. Strategic contacts between the United States and the United States began before the outbreak of World War II. In 1938, Ingersoll, the director of the US Navy's War Planning Division, went to London on the orders of Roosevelt to hold informal secret talks with the British side. It marks the beginning of the strategic cooperation between the United States and the United States. Before the United States entered the war, the two countries held numerous talks in 1939, 1940 and 1941, which gradually expanded the scope from the far East Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean, and participated in the development of the armed services from a single navy to various services. In particular, the January-January ABC talks in 1941 defined the strategic framework of "first Europe before Asia", which was a milestone in Anglo-American cooperation. However, due to different national interests, Britain and the United States have different interpretations on how to implement the grand strategy of "first Europe before Asia." Britain's strategic stand is to consume the enemy by means of economic blockade, air strikes and subversion. When the enemy is weak and we are strong, we will launch a head-on attack. The United States strategically advocates a large-scale, face-to-face battle with the enemy as soon as possible. Since the "Acadia" meeting in December 1941, Britain and the United States have engaged in a series of time-consuming and laborious exchanges of views over the European and Pacific strategies. Britain, which had two years of combat experience before 1943, is more mature and superior in military strategy than the United States. Because of the lack of general policy guidance, the US military does not have a detailed plan for the implementation of the grand strategy. Therefore, in the period after the United States entered the war, Britain's strategic concept became the main strategic choice for allies to fight. One of its manifestations was the implementation of Churchill's "sportsman" plan, which was later developed into the famous "Torch" operation. The pre-war and wartime strategic cooperation between the United States and the United States showed distinct characteristics of both cooperation and struggle. Operation Torch was successfully completed in this context. It was an important part of the whole anti-fascist war and gave the allies control over North Africa. Marked the beginning of the transfer of strategic advantages from the second World War to the hands of the United States. It also inspired the world's anti-fascist people. It was the first exercise of Operation Overlord. It provides practical experience for the allies to carry out large-scale landing operations in the future.
【學位授予單位】：首都師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K152

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