本文選題：德國　切入點(diǎn)：養(yǎng)老　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：19世紀(jì)通過三次王朝戰(zhàn)爭,德國完成了統(tǒng)一建立了德意志帝國,與此同時(shí)德國的工業(yè)開始迅速發(fā)展。工業(yè)化帶來經(jīng)濟(jì)騰飛的同時(shí)也產(chǎn)生了嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)問題,其中的一個(gè)重要的問題——工人的養(yǎng)老問題。在工業(yè)化和城市化過程中,大批的勞動(dòng)者來到城市,很快擴(kuò)大了工人的隊(duì)伍,由于產(chǎn)業(yè)工人生活條件很差,一旦生病或年齡偏大,生活狀況堪憂,因此工人運(yùn)動(dòng)此起彼伏。為了緩和嚴(yán)重對(duì)立的階級(jí)矛盾,俾斯麥時(shí)期的政府開始采用立法的形式為工人設(shè)立社會(huì)保險(xiǎn),1889年《老年和殘疾保險(xiǎn)法》在這樣的大背景下被通過。 《老年和殘疾保險(xiǎn)法》雖然不完善,但是它為一部分工人提供了養(yǎng)老金,緩解了他們的經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力。隨著第二次工業(yè)革命開展,出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)新的階級(jí)——白領(lǐng)階級(jí),他們要求獲得與身份相適應(yīng)的特權(quán)與養(yǎng)老金,推動(dòng)了德國政府頒布了《雇員保險(xiǎn)法》。1911年頒布的《雇員保險(xiǎn)法》承認(rèn)了白領(lǐng)階級(jí)的地位,白領(lǐng)階級(jí)也獲得與身份相適應(yīng)的養(yǎng)老金,養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的范圍進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。1912年德國政府頒布了《帝國保險(xiǎn)法》——社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)法的匯編,也標(biāo)志德意志帝國養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度的初步完善。養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度作為一種保險(xiǎn)制度,是不斷的發(fā)展與完善的制度。
[Abstract]:In the 19th century, Germany completed the unification and established the German Empire through the three dynasties War. At the same time, German industry began to develop rapidly. While industrialization brought about economic takeoff, it also produced serious social problems. In the course of industrialization and urbanization, a large number of workers came to the cities and quickly expanded the ranks of workers. Because of the poor living conditions of industrial workers, once they became ill or were too old, As a result of the worrying living conditions, the workers' movement continued one after another. In order to ease the serious antagonistic class contradictions, The government of Bismarck began to establish social insurance for workers in the form of legislation, and the Old Age and Disability Insurance Act of 1889 was passed against this background. Although the Law on Old Age and Disability Insurance is not perfect, it provides pensions for some workers and alleviates their economic pressure. With the second Industrial Revolution, a new class, the white-collar class, has emerged. They demanded privileges and pensions commensurate with their status, prompting the German government to enact the employees' Insurance Act. The employees' Insurance Act of 1911 recognized the status of the white-collar class, and the white-collar class received pensions commensurate with their status. The scope of old-age insurance was further expanded. In 1912, the German government promulgated the "Imperial Insurance Law"-a compilation of social insurance laws, which also marked the initial improvement of the German Reich old-age insurance system. Is the continuous development and perfect system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：K516.42;F845.16
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本文編號(hào)：1651788