本文選題：英國　切入點(diǎn)：歐洲政策　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 外交,是一個國家國內(nèi)政治的對外擴(kuò)伸,它與該國家的歷史、文化、民族精神以及國內(nèi)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展是緊密聯(lián)系在一起的。英國是歐洲聯(lián)盟的一個特殊的成員國,被譽(yù)為歐洲一體化進(jìn)程這一“牡蠣中的沙�！薄Ｓ绊懹畾W洲政策制定的因素有許多,包括國際國內(nèi)形勢變幻的影響,民族文化、島國地理形態(tài)特性的牽制,國內(nèi)黨派斗爭的影響,還有對國家利益的維護(hù)等等。 英國政府一貫主張,歐洲一體化應(yīng)該是加強(qiáng)主權(quán)國家之間的進(jìn)一步合作,而并非將民族國家主權(quán)讓渡給超國家機(jī)構(gòu)。二戰(zhàn)后,英國同歐洲大陸國家的關(guān)系幾經(jīng)波折,艾德禮工黨政府,對于法德發(fā)起的歐洲聯(lián)合運(yùn)動采取了“袖手旁觀”的態(tài)度,丘吉爾保守黨政府上臺后,延續(xù)了艾德禮政府的歐洲政策。受國內(nèi)外政治經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢發(fā)展的影響,自麥克米倫保守黨政府開始,英國前后三次提出了加入歐洲共同體(歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體)的申請,并于1973年1月1日正式成為歐洲共同體中的一員。 作為一個有影響力的大國,英國加入歐洲共同體增強(qiáng)了歐洲共同體(歐盟)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力,也提高了歐洲共同體(歐盟)的國際影響力,平衡了成員國之間的力量對比,避免了歐洲一體化的發(fā)展為一兩個大國所左右的局面,歐洲一體化的發(fā)展揭開了新的一頁。英國政府的歐洲政策對于歐洲一體化的發(fā)展也產(chǎn)生了諸多不良的影響。為了維護(hù)國家利益,英國自加入歐共體后就開始與歐共體進(jìn)行討價還價,在最嚴(yán)重的時候,歐共體內(nèi)部機(jī)構(gòu)的正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)都受到了影響。 隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,在世界力量格局的對比中,軍事力量的作用開始下降,而經(jīng)濟(jì)因素在決定一國國際地位方面發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用,20世紀(jì)90年代德國統(tǒng)一,英國曾經(jīng)在歐洲軍事上占據(jù)的重要地位開始讓位于德國的經(jīng)濟(jì)力量,英國在歐洲的地位受到了前所未有的強(qiáng)而有力的挑戰(zhàn)。布萊爾工黨政府上臺執(zhí)政后,提出了英國要成為“國際關(guān)系力量中心”的目標(biāo),并指出英國真正的歷史地位在于其作為一個主要的全球大國獨(dú)一無二的能力,雖然英國是一個島國,但它一直拒絕接受孤立隔絕的做法,而保持全球作用的唯一途徑是通過歐盟。喪失英國在歐盟的中心作用,就會喪失英國在國際上發(fā)揮重大作用的機(jī)會。英國政府對于歐盟的政策立場趨向積極。 區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的發(fā)展順應(yīng)了時代的潮流。展望未來,雖然英國在歐盟中一些具體的問題上依然與其他成員國如法國、德國存在著分歧,對于歐盟未來發(fā)展方向也存在著不同的看法,但英國的發(fā)展離不開歐盟,而歐盟的發(fā)展也需要英國,雙方會在互相妥協(xié)中求得自身利益的維護(hù)和發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Diplomacy is the expansion of a country's domestic politics. It is closely related to the history, culture, national spirit and domestic political and economic development of the country. Britain is a special member of the European Union. Known as the "sand in the oyster" of the European integration process, there are many factors that influence the British government's European policy formulation, including the influence of the changing international and domestic situation, the containment of national culture, and the geographical characteristics of the island countries. The influence of the domestic party struggle, as well as the protection of national interests and so on. The British Government has consistently maintained that European integration should be aimed at strengthening further cooperation among sovereign states, rather than transferring national sovereignty to supranational institutions. After World War II, Britain's relations with continental European countries experienced several twists and turns. The Attlee Labour Party government took a "stand by" attitude towards the Franco-German European United Movement. After Churchill's Conservative government came to power, it continued the European policy of the Attleigh government. It was influenced by the political and economic developments at home and abroad. Since Macmillan's Conservative government began, Britain has applied for membership in the European Community (EEC) three times, and officially became a member of the European Community on January 1, 1973. As an influential power, Britain's accession to the European Community has strengthened the economic strength of the European Community (EU), increased the international influence of the European Community (EU), and balanced the balance of power among member states. To avoid a situation in which the development of European integration is dominated by one or two major countries, The development of European integration has opened a new page. The British government's European policy has had many adverse effects on the development of European integration. Britain has been haggling with the EC since joining the EC, and at its worst, the normal functioning of the EC's internal institutions has been affected. With the development of the world economy, in the contrast of the world power pattern, the role of military force began to decline, and economic factors played an increasingly important role in determining the international status of a country. Britain's once important military position in Europe began to give way to Germany's economic power, and Britain's position in Europe was challenged with unprecedented strength. Proposing the goal of becoming a "centre of strength in international relations" and pointing out that the real historical status of the United Kingdom lies in its unique ability as a major global power, even though it is an island country, But it has refused to accept isolation, and the only way to maintain its global role is through the EU... Losing Britain's central role in the EU. The opportunity to play a major international role will be lost. The British government is taking a more active stance on EU policy. The development of regional economic integration conforms to the trend of the times. Looking forward to the future, although Britain still has differences with other member states such as France and Germany on specific issues in the EU, There are different views on the future direction of the European Union, but the development of the United Kingdom is inseparable from the European Union, and the development of the European Union also needs the United Kingdom. Both sides will seek the protection and development of their own interests in the process of mutual compromise.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K561.5

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 楊華鋒;90年代以來英國工黨的歐洲一體化政策[J];寶雞文理學(xué)院學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2005年03期

2 鄧峰;法德英三角關(guān)系與歐盟未來[J];長春師范學(xué)院學(xué)報;2002年04期

3 陳一兵,陳玲;英國新工黨歐盟政策評析[J];當(dāng)代世界社會主義問題;2005年03期

4 凱文·費(fèi)捷爾斯通 ,陶濤;社會黨與歐洲一體化進(jìn)程簡析[J];國際政治研究;1996年03期

5 王濱芳;梅杰執(zhí)政初期對歐洲一體化的政策[J];哈爾濱學(xué)院學(xué)報(社會科學(xué));2002年11期

6 韓慧莉;丘吉爾歐洲一體化思想評析[J];歷史教學(xué);2005年01期

7 張莉清,陳竹君;阿登納與歐洲一體化的緣起[J];理論月刊;2005年07期

8 申華;八十年代以來英國對歐共體的政策及影響[J];歐洲;1995年04期

9 吳文武;試析撒切爾政府在歐洲一體化問題上的分歧[J];求是學(xué)刊;2001年02期

10 李道剛;歐洲一體化史前思想述論[J];西北民族研究;2005年02期

，

本文編號：1651284