本文選題：歐洲穆斯林移民　切入點：媒體與形象建構(gòu)　出處：《四川大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 隨著二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束,大量來自第三世界國家和地區(qū)的穆斯林移民以勞工身份涌入歐洲參與戰(zhàn)后各國經(jīng)濟重建并永久定居。隨后幾十年間,第二代及第三代移民在歐洲出生,歐洲各國主要城市都相繼出現(xiàn)穆斯林聚居點。如今,穆斯林已成為歐盟人數(shù)最多的少數(shù)族裔,伊斯蘭教成為繼基督教之后歐洲第二大宗教。然而,穆斯林移民生存現(xiàn)狀令人擔(dān)憂。他們始終生活在歐洲各國社會的邊緣,被排斥于主流社會之外。穆斯林移民生活在以基督教文明為上的歐洲社會,面臨日趨世俗化的社會現(xiàn)實,但希望保留自身文化傳統(tǒng)和宗教特色;而歷史上對歐洲觀念形成產(chǎn)生重要影響的我者/他者之對立,深深植根于歐洲統(tǒng)治精英及廣大民眾心中。冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后的世界體現(xiàn)了西方基督教文明與伊斯蘭文明的鮮明對立,廣大伊斯蘭世界和人民被視為西方世界的敵人。穆斯林與歐洲主流社會的矛盾一觸即發(fā),歐洲輿論和各國政府紛紛提高對穆斯林移民的關(guān)注。 當(dāng)今社會,大眾媒體作為文化力量的一支,發(fā)揮著信息傳播、輿論引導(dǎo)及社會意識形態(tài)塑造的作用。面對當(dāng)今歐洲多民族、多宗教、多文化的社會現(xiàn)實,歐洲主流媒體在正面塑造少數(shù)民族形象、促進多民族彼此認同中的表現(xiàn)并不盡如人意。穆斯林作為歐洲最大的少數(shù)族裔,其媒體形象往往被定格為“他者”;伊斯蘭文明也被強大的主流媒體進行著想象、描繪和曲解。穆斯林移民形象不能得到全面塑造,加之我者/他者的歷史偏見,使得歐洲穆斯林移民不得不面對來自媒體及整個社會的漠視、誤解與排斥。 本文試圖從歐洲主流媒體對穆斯林他者形象的建構(gòu)出發(fā),探討穆斯林移民在當(dāng)今歐洲的生存現(xiàn)狀。媒體運作機制導(dǎo)致媒體話語為特定利益服務(wù),精英集團的話語霸權(quán)無處不在,而少數(shù)族群聲音卻難覓其蹤。在主流媒體話語中,伊斯蘭過多地與負面新聞聯(lián)系在一起,卻較少被作為社會多樣性的一支加以討論。這樣的媒體形象勢必加深普通民眾與穆斯林之間已有的隔閡,進一步導(dǎo)致穆斯林移民在歐洲社會的邊緣化。此外,本文對歐洲穆斯林媒體進行了初步探討。與主流媒體相對,穆斯林少數(shù)族裔媒體的跨國別意義非同一般。一方面,穆斯林移民從這些媒體中找回自己的聲音和文化,另一方面穆斯林媒體也為重塑伊斯蘭在歐洲民眾認識中的形象發(fā)揮了積極的作用。 除去引言和結(jié)語部分,本文共分四章。第一章討論歐洲主流媒體對穆斯林移民他者形象的建構(gòu),直指問題本身,穆斯林在歐洲主流媒體中被排斥于歐洲社會及一體化進程之外。第二章分析伊斯蘭與歐洲基督教文明沖突的背景,回溯歷史,探討當(dāng)前,穆斯林移民承受著來自社會各層面的歧視以及歷史遺留的對立情緒,生存現(xiàn)狀令人擔(dān)憂。第三章揭示主流媒體對穆斯林的他者形象建構(gòu)對社會意識形態(tài)產(chǎn)生的深遠影響。媒體具備傳播與說服的強大功能,媒體傳遞的訊息很大程度上決定了大眾的態(tài)度,解釋了歐洲穆斯林被排斥于主流社會之外的重要原因。第四章觀察歐洲穆斯林族裔媒體現(xiàn)狀。最后,從媒體傳播的角度提出,歐洲主流媒體可以從重塑穆斯林形象著手,積極應(yīng)對多樣化、多民族的文化現(xiàn)實,緩和對立;穆斯林移民本身則應(yīng)重新審視變化了的生存環(huán)境,尋求認同與出路。
[Abstract]:With the end of World War II, a large number of from third countries and regions in the world with the labor status of Muslim immigrants into Europe countries participating in the post-war economic reconstruction and permanent settlement. The following decades, the second generation and three generation immigrants born in Europe, the main city in Europe have a Muslim. Today, has become the most populous Muslim minority ethnic, Islam became the Christian Europe after the second major religions. However, Muslim immigrants living situation is worrying. They always live in European countries the edge of the society, being excluded from mainstream society. Muslim immigrants living in a Christian civilization on the European society, facing the increasingly secular social reality, but want to keep their own culture the traditional and religious characteristics; and the history of the idea of Europe conflicts have an important impact on me / the other, deep planting According to the European ruling elite and the majority of people's heart. After the end of the cold war world reflects the contrast between Western Christian civilization and Islamic civilization, the Islamic world and the western people are regarded as the enemy of the world. The contradiction between Muslims and the European mainstream society triggered at any moment, the European public opinion and governments have increased the attention of Muslim immigrants.
In today's society, the mass media as a cultural force, play a role in the dissemination of information, public opinion and social ideology. In the face of today's European multi-ethnic, multi religious, multicultural society, the European mainstream media to create a positive image in the minority, to promote multi-ethnic identity in each other's performance is not satisfactory. As a Muslim Europe's largest ethnic minority, the media image is often identified as "other"; the Islamic civilization is also a mainstream media powerful imagination, description and image distortion. Muslim immigrants cannot get a comprehensive building, and I / other historical prejudice, the Muslim immigrants in Europe have to face indifference from the media and the whole society. The misunderstanding and rejection.
This paper attempts to start from the European mainstream media construction of Muslim stereotypes, to explore the survival status of Muslim immigrants in Europe today. The media operation mechanism to cause the media discourse for specific interests, the elite discourse hegemony everywhere, and minority voice can find its trace. In the mainstream media discourse, Islamic and too much negative news together, but is less as a social diversity is discussed. The media image is bound to deepen such barriers existing between ordinary people and Muslims, marginalized Muslim immigrants in Europe and further lead to society. In addition, this paper discusses the European Muslim media. Compared with the mainstream media, Muslim minorities the transnational media don't unusual significance. On the one hand, Muslim immigrants find their own voice and culture from the media, the other party The Muslim media also played a positive role in reshaping the image of Islam in the understanding of the European people.
Apart from the introduction and the conclusion, this thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter discusses the European mainstream media construction of Muslim immigrants in the image of the other, directed at the problem itself, Muslims in Europe in the mainstream media were excluded from the European Society and the integration process. The second chapter analyzes the conflict between Islamic and European Christian civilization background, history, current study. Muslim immigrants suffer from various levels of social discrimination as well as the historical antagonism, survival situation is worrying. The third chapter reveals the profound influence the image of the other mainstream media for Muslims to construct social ideology. The media have spread a powerful and persuasive message, media largely determines the public attitudes and interpretation an important reason for the European Muslims were excluded in the mainstream society. The fourth chapter observe the European Muslim ethnic media status Finally, from the perspective of media dissemination, the mainstream media in Europe can start from the reshaping of the Muslim image, actively respond to the diversified and multi-ethnic cultural reality and alleviate the opposition. Muslim immigrants themselves should reexamine the changing living environment and seek recognition and way out.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K505

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1 田徑;從媒體形象建構(gòu)談歐洲社會對穆斯林移民的排斥與融合[D];四川大學(xué);2007年

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本文編號：1650065