本文選題：美國　切入點：古巴　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 1961年豬灣慘敗之后,美國對古巴實施了一場新的大規(guī)模的隱蔽行動——貓鼬行動。這場隱蔽行動動用了中情局、國務(wù)院、國防部和美國新聞署等重要政府部門,其行動范圍十分廣泛,涉及政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、心理、準(zhǔn)軍事行動等各個方面,但最終因古巴導(dǎo)彈危機(jī)的到來而悄然中止,在一定程度上它也充當(dāng)了古巴導(dǎo)彈危機(jī)的催化劑。迄今為止,國內(nèi)學(xué)術(shù)界對這一問題的研究仍十分薄弱,本文運用美國近年來公布的檔案材料,借鑒國內(nèi)外已有的研究成果,對這一問題進(jìn)行了比較系統(tǒng)的分析。 本文共分為五部分。 第一部分交待了貓鼬行動提出的背景。20世紀(jì)60年代初是冷戰(zhàn)的高峰期,革命后的古巴日益成為美蘇爭奪的重心。美國不能容忍在自己的后院出現(xiàn)一個蘇聯(lián)的衛(wèi)星國,因此千方百計遏制古巴革命政權(quán),在公開經(jīng)濟(jì)封鎖禁運的同時,對古巴實施隱蔽行動�？夏岬仙吓_后繼承艾森豪威爾政府的政策,實施針對古巴的冥王星計劃,試圖推翻卡斯特羅政府,卻以豬灣慘敗而告終。豬灣慘敗宣告了美國對古巴政策的失敗,在對豬灣慘敗的深刻反省中,美國政府開始醞釀一場新的隱蔽行動計劃。 第二部分介紹了貓鼬行動提出的過程及其原因,論述了貓鼬行動初始階段的進(jìn)展。1961年11月3日,肯尼迪總統(tǒng)授權(quán)開展這場旨在推翻卡斯特羅政權(quán)的隱蔽行動。顛覆卡斯特羅政權(quán)是美國一直以來的政策,貓鼬行動是美國在冷戰(zhàn)的大背景下,在對豬灣事件的反思中提出來的。初始階段建立了貓鼬行動的行動機(jī)制,明確了行動的觀念,逐步形成了貓鼬行動的基本行動計劃,并初步實施了情報搜集等活動,同時發(fā)現(xiàn)了行動在操作上的一些困難,這為貓鼬行動的實施做了初步準(zhǔn)備。 第三部分闡述了貓鼬行動實施的過程。實施的過程分為兩個階段,考慮到初始階段發(fā)現(xiàn)的操作上的困難,美國政府把第一階段的首要目標(biāo)確定為獲取目標(biāo)地區(qū)的確鑿情報,同時在不引發(fā)目標(biāo)地區(qū)的革命或其他需要美國武力干預(yù)的進(jìn)展的情況下,采取其他一切政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和隱蔽行動來達(dá)到行動的目標(biāo)。但是隨著美國情報機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)蘇聯(lián)正在加速向古巴提供人員和物資,并有可能在古巴部署中程彈道導(dǎo)彈,美國政府轉(zhuǎn)變了貓鼬行動的路線,取消了對行動的一些限制,加速行動的進(jìn)展。古巴導(dǎo)彈危機(jī)的出現(xiàn)急劇改變了貓鼬行動的命運,隨著危機(jī)的加劇,肯尼迪決定不再刺激蘇聯(lián),下令停止在古巴的行動,貓鼬行動夭折了。 第四部分分析了貓鼬行動夭折的原因及其造成的影響。貓鼬行動夭折的直接原因是古巴導(dǎo)彈危機(jī)的爆發(fā),但是即使沒有這次危機(jī),貓鼬行動的也不大可能走向成功的道路。由于行動的目標(biāo)定位過高,要達(dá)成目標(biāo)困難重重,而肯尼迪政府鑒于豬灣慘敗的教訓(xùn)又對行動的喧鬧程度多加限制,并建立了冗雜的行動、監(jiān)督機(jī)制,從白宮到各參與的部門之間想法又極不一致,行動的負(fù)責(zé)人蘭斯德爾本身制訂的一些計劃也流于空想,貓鼬行動很難達(dá)到預(yù)期的目標(biāo)。貓鼬行動的實施使美古關(guān)系進(jìn)一步交惡,使古巴懷疑以至確信美國要第二次入侵,進(jìn)而決定接受蘇聯(lián)的導(dǎo)彈。可以說,貓鼬行動是古巴導(dǎo)彈危機(jī)爆發(fā)的催化劑。另外貓鼬行動的實施還對美國的司法等造成了一定影響。 第五部分總體上評價了貓鼬行動,論述了貓鼬行動的特征及其表現(xiàn)出來的兩極格局下的國際關(guān)系的特征,指出貓鼬行動是美國政府在當(dāng)時形勢下做出的代價較小的“第三種選擇”,但是做為陰謀顛覆一個主權(quán)國家的合法政權(quán)的隱蔽行動,它的非法性和非道德性,我們不可否認(rèn)。它違反了國際法,損害了該國人民的福祉,破壞了國際穩(wěn)定,最后終被將釘在歷史的恥辱柱上。
[Abstract]:After the 1961 swine Bay fiasco, the United States implemented a new large-scale covert action - action against Cuba. The mongoose took the CIA covert action, the State Council, a major government department of defense and the United States Information Agency, its scope of action is very extensive, involving politics, economy, psychology, various paramilitary operations etc. but in the end because of the Cuban Missile Crisis and quietly suspended, to a certain extent, it also acts as a catalyst for the Cuban missile crisis. So far, the research on this problem in domestic academic circles is still very weak, the use of the United States in recent years, archival material released from the domestic and foreign research results on this the problems are analyzed.
This article is divided into five parts.
The first part introduces the background of the mongoose operation.20 in early 60s is the peak of the cold war, after the Cuban revolution becomes the center for the United States and the Soviet Union. The United States can not tolerate a Soviet satellite state in your own backyard, so do everything possible to contain the Cuban revolutionary regime in open economic blockade and embargo at the same time, the implementation of covert action after Kennedy came to Cuba. Eisenhower inherited the policy of the government, the implementation of the plan for Cuba Pluto trying to overthrow the Castro government, but in the fiasco ended. The fiasco declared the failure of American policy on Cuba, in the self reflection of the fiasco, the U.S. government began brewing a new covert action plan.
The second part introduces the process and reasons of the mongoose operation proposed, discussed the progress of.1961 in initial stage of the mongoose operation in November 3rd, President Kennedy authorized to carry out the campaign to overthrow the regime of Castro Castro's regime is to subvert the covert action. The United States has been the policy, operation Mongoose is the United States in the context of the cold war, raised in reflection the bay of pigs. In the initial stage of the establishment of a mechanism of action of the mongoose operation, clear the concept of action, and gradually formed a basic plan of action of the mongoose operation, and preliminary implementation of intelligence gathering and other activities, the action also found some difficulties in operation. The preliminary preparations for the implementation of the mongoose operation do.
The third part describes the implementation process of the mongoose operation. The implementation process is divided into two stages, taking into account the initial stage that operational difficulties, the U.S. government put the primary goal for the first phase is determined as the conclusive information acquiring target area, while in progress does not lead to the target areas of revolution or other military intervention of the needs of the United States take the case, all other political, economic and covert action to reach the goal of an action. But with the U.S. intelligence agencies found that the Soviet Union is accelerated to provide personnel and supplies to Cuba, and possible medium range ballistic missiles in Cuba, the United States government changed the course of the mongoose operation, lifted some restrictions on the operation, accelerate the progress of action the Cuban Missile Crisis dramatically changed the fate of the mongoose operation, as the crisis intensified, Kennedy decided not to stop in the stimulation of the Soviet Union Cuba, the end of the mongoose operation.
The fourth part analyzes the reason and the operation mongoose died. The direct cause of the mongoose operation aborted the Cuban missile crisis, but even without the crisis, operation mongoose are unlikely to be on the way to success. Due to the action of the target is too high, difficult to reach the goal, and the Kennedy administration in view of the fiasco the lessons of noise level for action and restrictions, and the establishment of a complex action, supervision mechanism, from the White House to each of the participating departments and ideas between very inconsistent, some action plan for Lance Del is making itself into fantasy, the mongoose operation is difficult to achieve the desired goal. The implementation of the operation mongoose the relationship between the further hostility, Cuba and that the United States should suspect the second invasion, and then decided to accept the Soviet missile. It can be said that Cuba is the mongoose operation guide The catalyst missile crisis. In addition, the action of the United States judicial caused some impact.
The fifth part of the overall evaluation of the mongoose operation, this paper discusses the characteristics of the mongoose operation characteristics and performance of the bipolar pattern of international relations, pointed out that the operation mongoose is the United States government in that situation at the cost of small "third options", but as a conspiracy to overthrow a legal regime of covert action, illegal and unethical it, we can not deny it. In violation of international law, damage the country people's well-being, undermine international stability, finally will eventually nail in the history of shame.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K712.54

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 韓福松;美國中央情報局與1962年古巴導(dǎo)彈危機(jī)[D];山東師范大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：1646380