發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-20 09:06

  本文選題：英國(guó)　切入點(diǎn)：帕麥斯頓　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：帕麥斯頓占據(jù)英國(guó)首相之位近10年之久，人們對(duì)他的認(rèn)識(shí)更多地來自于他的“海外好戰(zhàn)”。本文將通過對(duì)1855-1865年英國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)外眾多政策和政治事件的整體性研究，展現(xiàn)一個(gè)與以往不同的、真實(shí)的帕麥斯頓，揭示帕麥斯頓是如何按照自由主義的理念管理1855-1865年的英國(guó)事務(wù)，如何為建立一個(gè)高效、公平和寬容的政府而努力，通過其政治行為展現(xiàn)十九世紀(jì)英國(guó)自由主義理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)運(yùn)動(dòng)之間的關(guān)系。1855-1865年間，英國(guó)自由主義處于一個(gè)相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的積聚力量、蓄勢(shì)待發(fā)的過渡時(shí)期。帕麥斯頓的成就在于：將自由主義力量匯聚為一個(gè)整體，建立了現(xiàn)代意義上的英國(guó)自由黨；他通過對(duì)國(guó)家事務(wù)的穩(wěn)健管理和對(duì)國(guó)家機(jī)器的制度化建設(shè)，使英國(guó)由貴族政治向民主政治過渡；他用寬容的精神處理宗教分歧，促進(jìn)了社會(huì)的和睦；使外交國(guó)防政策的需要和財(cái)政壓力之間形成平衡。帕麥斯頓對(duì)自由主義的貢獻(xiàn)，并非一套學(xué)說或理論，而是他所認(rèn)同的、用以指導(dǎo)十九世紀(jì)英國(guó)自由主義政治實(shí)踐的信念與原則。 關(guān)于帕麥斯頓政府的自由主義政治實(shí)踐，國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)術(shù)界少有問津，研究較多的是帕麥斯頓的外交政策。西方學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)帕麥斯頓與英國(guó)自由主義的研究雖然較為深入，但有意見分歧，，對(duì)帕麥斯頓的評(píng)價(jià)更是褒貶不一。鑒于此，本文試圖以帕麥斯頓與英國(guó)自由主義政治實(shí)踐為主線，闡釋這一時(shí)期英國(guó)的政治生活，并對(duì)身為政治家和外交家的帕麥斯頓形成較為全面、完整的認(rèn)識(shí)。 本文的基本觀點(diǎn)是：帕麥斯頓是英國(guó)自由主義政治實(shí)踐中的重要人物。他卓有成效的行政管理、穩(wěn)健靈活的對(duì)外政策及其政府的穩(wěn)定存在，為英國(guó)自由主義順利地在議會(huì)改革的時(shí)代背景下進(jìn)一步發(fā)展提供了不可或缺的保證。在英國(guó)自由主義發(fā)展史上，帕麥斯頓是守成型自由主義與改良型自由主義之間的橋梁。 本文具體包含以下四個(gè)部分： 第一部分，概述帕麥斯頓自由主義的淵源。洛克、斯密和邊沁、密爾的自由主義傳統(tǒng)是帕麥斯頓自由主義的理論來源；帕麥斯頓從政的早期生涯，促使其自由主義理念逐步形成，帕麥斯頓從實(shí)踐中習(xí)得了自由主義。 第二部分，主要論述帕麥斯頓領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的兩屆政府(1855-1858)、(1859-1865)時(shí)期的自由主義內(nèi)政實(shí)踐。主要包括三個(gè)問題：公職人員的素養(yǎng)問題，財(cái)政政策分歧問題和宗教問題，來試圖分別說明亞當(dāng)·斯密和約翰·洛克的國(guó)家理論與政治實(shí)際的結(jié)合情況。帕麥斯頓順應(yīng)了英國(guó)工業(yè)化社會(huì)的要求，演繹了被邊沁改造過的19世紀(jì)英國(guó)自由主義所特有的和平、漸進(jìn)式變革的理念，實(shí)現(xiàn)了貴族地主的政治利益和工業(yè)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的漸進(jìn)妥協(xié)；并基于現(xiàn)實(shí)需要對(duì)自由主義理論進(jìn)行了取舍。 第三部分，論述了帕麥斯頓的自由主義外交實(shí)踐。19世紀(jì)50、60年代，國(guó)際上出現(xiàn)了一系列外交沖突，在克里米亞戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、中英第二次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和意大利統(tǒng)一、美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)中，英國(guó)采用戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)手段或和平的、不干涉手段，都是以維護(hù)自由貿(mào)易為基點(diǎn)，實(shí)行的是自由主義的外交政策。 第四部分，論述自由主義的執(zhí)政風(fēng)格及帕麥斯頓與英國(guó)自由黨和自由主義的融合。帕麥斯頓時(shí)代的成功統(tǒng)治有賴于他的政府的廣泛包容性和民意力量的支持。帕麥斯頓通過實(shí)現(xiàn)階級(jí)間的合作，將維多利亞中期的各種進(jìn)步力量匯聚為自由主義的洪流，開創(chuàng)了自由主義的未來。
[Abstract]:The British Prime Minister Palmerston accounted for nearly 10 years, people know more from his "overseas" policy to him. This paper will study the integrity of the British 1855-1865 years of domestic and foreign many policy and political events, show a different from the past, the real Pa Max Don, Pa Max Don reveals how to the idea of liberalism management 1855-1865 years of British affairs, how to establish an efficient, fair and tolerant government efforts to show the nineteenth Century British liberalism theory and realistic movement between.1855-1865 years through its political behavior, British liberalism was in a relatively stable accumulation of power, the transition period is ready. Palmerston "s achievement is: will the liberal forces together as a whole, the establishment of the modern sense of the British Liberal Party; he passed on the country Sound management of affairs and system construction of nation machine, make the transition from British aristocracy to democracy; he used the spirit of religious differences treatment tolerance, promote social harmony; made a balance between the needs of foreign and defense policies and financial pressure. Pa Max Don of the liberal contribution, not a doctrine or theory but, he acknowledged, with faith and the guiding principles of the nineteenth Century British liberalism political practice.
Liberalism political practice on the Pa Max Don administration, domestic academic circles paid little attention, more research is Pa Max Don's foreign policy. The western academic research on Pa Max Don and the British liberalism though deeply, but there are differences of opinion, it is mixed on Palmerston "s evaluation. In view of this, this article attempts to Palmerston and British liberalism political practice as the main line, explain the situation of British political life, and as a statesman and diplomat of Palmerston formed a more comprehensive, complete understanding.
The basic point is this: Pa Max Don is an important figure in British liberalism political practice. He has very fruitful administrative management, foreign policy and the government of flexible and robust stability, as British liberalism smoothly in parliamentary reform under the background of further development provides an indispensable guarantee. In the history of the development of British liberalism. Pa Max Don is a bridge between liberalism and keep the improved molding liberalism.
This article contains the following four parts:
The first part outlines the origin of Pa Max Don, liberalism. Rock, Smith and Bentham, mill's liberalism tradition is the theoretical source of Pa Max Don's liberalism; Palmerston "s early career in politics, the liberal philosophy gradually formed Pa Max Don acquisition of liberalism from practice.
The second part mainly discusses Palmerston "s leadership and the government's two (1855-1858), (1859-1865) the liberal practice period. Mainly includes three issues: the accomplishment of public officials, financial policy differences and religious issues, trying to illustrate with the state and political theory of Adam Smith and John Locke's actual Palmerston. Conform to the British industrialized society, the interpretation of the transformed by Bentham in the nineteenth Century British liberal special peace and progressive change of concept, implement progressive political compromise junkerdom interests and the industrial bourgeois economic interests; and based on the practical needs of the liberal theory of choice.
The third part discusses Palmerston liberalism diplomatic practice.19 century 50,60, a series of international diplomatic conflicts, the war in Crimea, in the second Opium War and the unification of Italy, the American Civil War, the British used the means of war or peace, no interference means are to maintain free trade as the starting point that is the implementation of liberal foreign policy.
The fourth part discusses the fusion of liberalism and ruling style Palmer Maston and the British Liberal Party and the liberal rule of PA Maston era. Success depends on his government's inclusive and broad public support. Maston, through the cooperation of different classes, the progressive forces of the mid Vitoria convergence of the tide of liberalism, created the future of liberalism.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：K561.4

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 李義中;帕麥斯頓與自由主義[J];安慶師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2001年05期

2 孫寶珊;簡(jiǎn)評(píng)英國(guó)近代著名外交家帕麥斯頓[J];煙臺(tái)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);1995年03期

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