本文選題：古羅馬　切入點：共和時期　出處：《曲阜師范大學》2009年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 燦爛的物質(zhì)文明在精神的沙漠上是建立不起來的,高度發(fā)達的物質(zhì)文明必然與高度的發(fā)達的精神文明有關(guān)。民族精神是精神文明的核心,是民族文化的凝練與體現(xiàn),反映了民族特色。通過分析羅馬共和時期的民族精神及其形成的原因,能揭示民族精神在羅馬共和國興起中的作用,這是本課題的學術(shù)意義。而課題的現(xiàn)實意義在于給當代西方社會振奮精神和中國弘揚民族精神提供借鑒。研究方法上,在遵循社會存在決定社會意識的前提下,著重遵守兩點:第一,突出重點、總結(jié)歸納,即抓住羅馬共和時期的主流精神特征,將零散的精神表現(xiàn)歸類;第二,以史實為根據(jù)提煉精神特征,杜絕脫離史實主觀臆造。 羅馬共和時期的民族精神是指形成于羅馬共和時期,反映境內(nèi)多民族主流價值取向、思維方式、道德標準,并對羅馬共和國的發(fā)展起積極作用的精神特征總和。其特征是由羅馬人民的歷史實踐決定的。 愛國精神、務實精神、法治精神及和諧精神是古羅馬共和時期的主流精神。羅馬人具備強烈的“國家至上”的愛國理念,并且是通過道德原則來發(fā)揮作用的。羅馬人高度講求實際,以實用作為價值標準,勤于農(nóng)耕、重視農(nóng)業(yè)科學知識的普及和推廣;功利性地考慮政體、法律、宗教信仰和教育;根據(jù)實際需要改革兵制;藝術(shù)、文學、城市建設(shè)也秉承務實的原則。羅馬人將法律完美地應用到現(xiàn)實生活中,制定了完善的法律體系,擁有模范式的法律成品;政體集王權(quán)、貴族和民主為一體,權(quán)利依法分配;執(zhí)法官員和法學家的貢獻突出。和諧精神是本文創(chuàng)新之處,體現(xiàn)在:政治上是元老院、執(zhí)政官和平民大會三種權(quán)力的相互配合、相互制約;文化上兼容并蓄;民族政策上以賜予公民權(quán)和締結(jié)同盟的辦法使各民族統(tǒng)一到羅馬統(tǒng)治之下。 羅馬民族精神的成因包括地緣環(huán)境、對內(nèi)對外政策、統(tǒng)治階級的推動和宗教情感的維系四個要素。其中地緣環(huán)境影響了民族精神的最初形態(tài)是較為新穎的論述。 羅馬民族精神對羅馬共和國崛起的積極影響是毋庸置疑的。愛國、法治、和諧的精神表現(xiàn)對近現(xiàn)代西方社會影響深遠。最后,大膽聯(lián)系當代中國弘揚民族精神大業(yè)的實際,指出借鑒意義:大力加強民族精神培育;以和諧理念指導弘揚精神的實踐;重視精神的保存和創(chuàng)新。 歷史遺留的民族精神特征需保持,與時俱進的民族精神新特征尚待形成,這使本課題有更大的研究空間,諸多的學者將會有更精妙的立意和更深入的分析。
[Abstract]:The splendid material civilization cannot be established in the spiritual desert, and the highly developed material civilization must be related to the highly developed spiritual civilization. The national spirit is the core of the spiritual civilization and the condensing and embodiment of the national culture. By analyzing the national spirit of the Roman Republic and the reasons for its formation, we can reveal the role of the national spirit in the rise of the Roman Republic. This is the academic significance of this subject, and the practical significance of the subject lies in providing a reference for the uplifting spirit of contemporary western society and the promotion of national spirit in China. In terms of research methods, under the premise that social existence determines social consciousness, The following two points are emphasized: first, emphasizing the key points and summing up, that is, grasping the mainstream spiritual characteristics of the Roman Republic period, classifying the scattered spiritual performance; second, taking the historical facts as the basis for refining the spiritual characteristics, putting an end to the subjective conjecture of the historical facts. The national spirit of the Roman Republic period refers to the formation of the Roman Republic period, which reflects the mainstream value orientation, mode of thinking, and moral standards of the multinational community in the territory. And the sum of the spiritual characteristics, which played an active role in the development of the Roman Republic, was determined by the historical practice of the Roman people. The spirit of patriotism, pragmatism, rule of law and harmony were the mainstream spirits of the ancient Roman republic. The Romans had a strong patriotic concept of "national supremacy". The Romans were highly practical, practical as a value standard, industrious in farming, and attached importance to the popularization and dissemination of agricultural scientific knowledge; utilitarian considerations of government, law, religious beliefs and education; According to the actual needs of the reform of the military system; art, literature, urban construction also adhere to the principle of pragmatism. The Romans perfectly applied the law to real life, developed a sound legal system, with model legal products; the regime set Wang Quan, Aristocracy and democracy are one body, rights are distributed according to law, the contributions of law enforcement officials and jurists are outstanding. The spirit of harmony is the innovation of this paper, which is reflected in: political cooperation and mutual restriction of three kinds of powers: the Senate, the consul and the general assembly; Cultural inclusiveness; national policy unifies peoples under Roman rule by granting citizenship and forming alliances. The causes of Roman national spirit include geographical environment, internal and external policy, the promotion of ruling class and the maintenance of religious emotion, among which the original form of national spirit influenced by geographical environment is relatively novel. The positive influence of the Roman national spirit on the rise of the Roman Republic is beyond doubt. The spirit of patriotism, rule of law, and harmony has a profound impact on modern western society. Finally, boldly connecting with the reality of carrying forward the great cause of national spirit in contemporary China, The paper points out the significance of reference: strengthening the cultivation of national spirit, guiding the practice of carrying forward the spirit with the idea of harmony, and attaching importance to the preservation and innovation of the spirit. The national spirit characteristics left over by history need to be maintained, and the new national spirit characteristics of keeping pace with the times have yet to be formed, which makes this subject have more research space, and many scholars will have more subtle ideas and deeper analysis.
【學位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：K126

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