本文選題：中世紀盛期　切入點：英國經(jīng)驗科學(xué)思想　出處：《湘潭大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：中世紀盛期英國經(jīng)驗科學(xué)思想的萌發(fā)首先得益于阿拉伯文化的傳播,阿拉伯文化為中世紀的西歐提供了經(jīng)驗觀察和實用的哲學(xué)、科學(xué)方法。古典哲學(xué)通過阿拉伯這一中介滲透到中世紀的西歐文明中,使中世紀神學(xué)的唯名論展現(xiàn)出了重視理性、個體的經(jīng)驗科學(xué)思想因素。 中世紀盛期的英國學(xué)者進一步發(fā)展了古典哲學(xué)和阿拉伯科學(xué)中的經(jīng)驗科學(xué)思想因素,對自然科學(xué)、哲學(xué)著作的翻譯為英國經(jīng)驗科學(xué)思想的萌發(fā)做了必要的學(xué)術(shù)準(zhǔn)備;自然哲學(xué)的精神在中世紀英國的牛津大學(xué)得以發(fā)揚,經(jīng)驗科學(xué)的進步思想在牛津大學(xué)的學(xué)子身上得到體現(xiàn)。學(xué)者的翻譯活動與牛津大學(xué)的興起為英國經(jīng)驗科學(xué)思想的萌發(fā)提供了肥沃的文化土壤。 中世紀盛期英國的經(jīng)驗科學(xué)思想立足于人類的自然理性。在本體論上承認世界的物質(zhì)存在,把理性運用于物質(zhì)世界中,把可感的物質(zhì)世界作為探求的中心;經(jīng)驗科學(xué)思想對理性與信仰的區(qū)分在客觀上把理性分離出來,理性的獨立為經(jīng)驗認識論方法的發(fā)展和人們探索物質(zhì)世界提供了可能性。在“共相”問題上,經(jīng)驗科學(xué)思想家強調(diào)具體個別事物在人類認識中的中心地位,與此相對應(yīng)的是經(jīng)驗、感覺的認識論和從個別到一般的認知路線。在方法上,它提倡具體實際的應(yīng)用,把科學(xué)實驗作為獲得真理的一種有效途徑。這些英國學(xué)者依靠自己的智慧和努力在批判繼承阿拉伯傳統(tǒng)與歐洲中世紀文化的基礎(chǔ)上汲取了其中唯物的、經(jīng)驗的思想因素,使英國形成了獨特的經(jīng)驗科學(xué)思想傳統(tǒng),為西歐走向近代科學(xué)邁出了第一步。
[Abstract]:At the height of the Middle Ages, the British thought of empirical science first benefited from the spread of Arab culture, which provided empirical observation and practical philosophy for medieval Western Europe. The classical philosophy permeated the medieval civilization of Western Europe through the intermediary of Arab, which made the nominalism of medieval theology show the importance of reason and the factors of the individual's empirical scientific thought. At the height of the Middle Ages, British scholars further developed the factors of empirical science thought in classical philosophy and Arab science, and made necessary academic preparations for the germination of British empirical science thought through the translation of natural science and philosophical works. The spirit of natural philosophy was developed at Oxford University in England in the Middle Ages. The progressive thought of empirical science is embodied in the students of Oxford University whose translation activities and the rise of Oxford University provide a fertile cultural soil for the germination of the British thought of empirical science. At the height of the Middle Ages, the thought of empirical science in England was based on the natural rationality of human beings. In ontology, it acknowledged the existence of the material world, applied reason to the material world, and took the perceptible material world as the center of exploration. The distinction between reason and belief is objectively separated by the thought of empirical science. The independence of reason provides the possibility for the development of empirical epistemological methods and the exploration of the material world. The thinkers of empirical science emphasize the central position of specific and individual things in human cognition, corresponding to experience, epistemology of feeling and cognitive route from individual to general. These British scholars, relying on their own wisdom and efforts, have drawn on their own wisdom and efforts the materialistic, experiential elements of thought on the basis of criticizing and inheriting Arab traditions and medieval European culture. It made Britain form a unique tradition of empirical science and took the first step towards modern science in Western Europe.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K561.3

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