發(fā)布時間：2018-03-10 17:35

  本文選題：蒙古韃靼人　切入點：俄羅斯　出處：《四川外語學院》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 13世紀蒙古韃靼人發(fā)動了侵略羅斯的戰(zhàn)爭,從此開始了在羅斯土地上長達2個半世紀(1237年-1480年)的殖民統(tǒng)治,這在整個俄羅斯民族的歷史中打下了不可磨滅的烙印,成為了俄羅斯歷史中重要的篇章,對俄羅斯的歷史進程產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響。 談及蒙古韃靼人2個半世紀的入侵總會引起歷史學界的廣泛關(guān)注和極大爭議。針對這段歷史俄羅斯學者們可謂仁者見仁,智者見智。在俄羅斯學界中幾乎所有的知名歷史學家如卡拉姆津、克柳切夫斯基、韋爾納茨基、索洛維約夫、格列科夫、雅庫博夫斯基和古米廖夫等都曾為此做過深入的研究,發(fā)表了大量的著作和文章,給予后人很多可供研究參考的資料。 總體上對這一歷史在俄羅斯學界形成了兩種對立的觀點:第一種是幾個世紀來一直都十分盛行的觀點即蒙古韃靼人的侵略對俄羅斯的發(fā)展完全是消極的;第二種是在近些年來越來越占有主導地位的觀點,這就是蒙古韃靼人的侵略對俄羅斯的影響積極意義大于消極意義。 還在20世紀中葉時,在蘇聯(lián)的大中小學課本以及科學著作和文獻中,對蒙古韃靼人侵略俄羅斯的評述還極其地簡單明了:桎梏—絕對的罪惡,它掠奪了人們的財產(chǎn),自由,并伴隨著燒毀城市和森林,對古羅斯文明毀滅性的破壞,人們的基本生活已不復存在。但是就在20世紀下半葉,尤其是在蘇聯(lián)解體后問世的了一些書刊和大量文章中作者們卻提出:事實上,成吉思汗對俄羅斯的侵略和對俄羅斯的統(tǒng)治在某種程度上來說是保護了俄羅斯免受來自西方各族的侵略,是有利于俄羅斯最后形成完整統(tǒng)一的中央集權(quán)國家,對俄羅斯的歷史起到了向前推動的作用的。 這一問題在今日的俄羅斯之所以成為熱點,是因為當時的羅斯也處在一個轉(zhuǎn)型時期,與現(xiàn)在俄羅斯所面臨的處境類似。 有鑒于此,本文作者意欲通過這一選題來分析究竟蒙古韃靼人侵略羅斯的歷史消極意義和積極意義孰重孰輕。為此本文作者采用了時間順序法、歷史對比法、分析法,在參閱了大量文獻的基礎(chǔ)上闡明:這段歷史積極方面大于消極方面,以及它對俄羅斯發(fā)展的意義和對俄羅斯后蒙古時代的國家振興的作用。在這篇文章中我們力圖較為全面地、從新的角度來論述侵略的積極意義,從而為大家提供新的視角來看待這段歷史。 本文由前言、正文四章和結(jié)論組成。 前言交代了蒙古韃靼侵略俄羅斯這個歷史事件及學者的不同觀點,指出了本選題的現(xiàn)實性和理論新意、研究目的和任務、研究對象和研究方法,強調(diào)了論文的理論價值和實踐價值,指出了論文的結(jié)構(gòu)。 第一章由兩部分組成,第一部分引入了蒙古侵略俄羅斯的歷史背景和整個事件,第二部分簡要介紹了針對這一歷史事件學者們提出的主要觀點。 第二章由三部分組成,分析了蒙古侵略對俄羅斯政治方面的影響,重點放在了對城市的自治,大公地位的改變和在管轄區(qū)域的統(tǒng)治,以及帶來的社會階層的變化。通過此章節(jié)可以看到它促進了俄羅斯中央集權(quán)專制制度的形成、國家的統(tǒng)一、賦稅制度的完善和發(fā)展等。 第三章由三部分組成,分析了蒙古侵略對俄羅斯經(jīng)濟方面的影響,重點放在了對農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟,手工業(yè)和商業(yè)的分析上。從而揭示出在經(jīng)濟方面某種程度上是促進了經(jīng)濟活躍,產(chǎn)生了一定的積極意義。 第四章由三部分構(gòu)成,分析了蒙古侵略對俄羅斯文化方面的影響,而文化涉及到人們生活的方方面面。該章節(jié)主要分析了人們在日常生活、藝術(shù)、建筑、宗教以及地理位置等方面的變化,表明獨具特色的俄羅斯文化是如何形成的。 在結(jié)論中,綜合了各個章節(jié)分析的結(jié)果,作者認為:就蒙古和羅斯的相互作用和影響而言,既有消極的方面,也有積極的方面。蒙古侵略俄羅斯在某種程度上積極意義大于消極意義。
[Abstract]:Thirteenth Century Mongolia Tatars launched an invasion of Ross's war, Ross began in the land for 2.5 Century (1237 -1480) colonial rule, which laid an indelible mark in the Russian national history, has become an important chapter in the history of Russia, has a far-reaching influence on the history of Russia.
About the 2.5 century Mongolia Tatars invasion always caused widespread concern and controversy of history. In the history of Russian scholars is each one according to his lights. In the Russian science leading historians almost all circles such as Karam Jin, J L Chief J, Solovyev, Grekov, Werner Nowitzki, Cooper J J Ki and Liao Fu made ya have to do the thorough research, has published numerous books and articles, give us many available for study and reference data.
On the whole of the historical formation of two opposing views scholars in Russia: the first is through the centuries are very popular view that Mongolia Tatar invasion is completely negative to the development of Russia; the second is in recent years more and more dominant point of view, this is the Mongolia Tatar invasion the impact on Russia positive than negative meaning.
In mid twentieth Century, the Soviet Union high school textbooks and scientific books and literature, the Mongolia Tatar Russian aggression review also extremely simple: the shackles of absolute evil, it robs people of property, freedom, and accompanied by the city and burned forest, Ross of the ancient civilization of destruction and people's basic life has ceased to exist. But in the second half of the twentieth Century, especially after the collapse of the Soviet Union was the author of books and numerous articles in are put forward: in fact, Gen Gi Khan of Russia's aggression and domination of Russia in a certain extent is protected from all ethnic groups in the western Russian aggression finally, Russia is conducive to form a complete and unified centralized state, to push forward the role of Russian history.
This problem has become a hot topic in Russia today, because Ross was also in a transition period, which is similar to the situation Russia is facing now.
In view of this, the author intends to analyze the topic of how Mongolia Tatars Ross's historical significance and aggression negative positive significance is more important. The author of this paper uses the time sequence method, analysis method, historical comparison method, clarify based on a lot of literature on the history: positive aspects outweigh the negative aspects, as well as on it the significance of the development of Russia and Russia after the Mongolia times of national revitalization. In this article we try to comprehensively, to discuss the positive significance of aggression from a new perspective, so as to provide a new perspective on this period of history is large.
This article is composed of the preface, the four chapter of the text and the conclusion.
The account of the different views of Mongolia Tatar invaded Russia this historical event and scholars, and points out the significance of the theory and new ideas, research purposes and tasks, research object and research methods, emphasizing the value of theory and practice, points out the structure of the thesis.
The first chapter is made up of two parts. The first part introduces the historical background and the whole event of Mongolia's invasion of Russia. The second part briefly introduces the main points put forward by scholars for this historical event.
The second chapter consists of three parts, analyzes the influence of the Mongolia invasion of Russian political aspects, focus on the city's autonomy, public status change and in the jurisdiction of the rule, and the change of social class. Through this chapter we can see that it promoted the formation of the Russian Ross centralized autocratic system. The unification of the country, such as the improvement and development of the tax system.
The third chapter is made up of three parts. It analyzes the impact of Mongolia's aggression on Russia's economy. It focuses on the analysis of rural economy, handicraft industry and commerce. It reveals that to some extent, the economy has promoted the economic activity and produced some positive significance.
The fourth chapter consists of three parts, analyzes the influence of the Mongolia invasion of Russian culture aspect, and culture involves all aspects of people's lives. This chapter mainly analyzes the people in daily life, art, architecture, religion and geographical changes and other aspects of the unique culture that Russia is formed.
In conclusion, combined with the results of each chapter's analysis, the author believes that there are both negative and positive aspects in the interaction and influence of Mongolia and Ross. Mongolia's aggression to Russia is positive to a certain extent more than negative significance.

【學位授予單位】：四川外語學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K311

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 黃秋迪;;金帳汗國統(tǒng)治時期蒙古文化對俄羅斯文化影響之我見[J];西伯利亞研究;2006年02期

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本文編號：1594359