本文選題：美國　切入點(diǎn)：法國　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 眾所周知,美國是一個(gè)移民國家,它的移民涵蓋了幾乎世界上所有的國家與地區(qū)。對(duì)于美國移民問題的研究由來已久,關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)也十分多樣化。但是,相對(duì)而言,對(duì)有關(guān)于法國移民的研究卻并不充分。這有多方面的原因,比如法國移民的總體數(shù)量并不多,導(dǎo)致美國方面對(duì)于這個(gè)問題不夠重視,而且法國官方對(duì)于這個(gè)問題總是刻意淡化。盡管如此,法國移民還是有幾個(gè)鮮明特征,包括人數(shù)少,數(shù)量穩(wěn)定,整體素質(zhì)比較高,但是即便在美國取得一定的成功,法國移民返回母國的比率仍舊相當(dāng)高。其中,法國移民最鮮明的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)就是他們大多是由中產(chǎn)階級(jí)構(gòu)成的。 全文由前言、正文和結(jié)語三大部分組成。 前言論述了法國移民的基本歷史沿革,包括幾次移民高潮,并就國內(nèi)外法國移民的研究狀況進(jìn)行了梳理。 在正文部分,本文著重闡述了17—19世紀(jì)法裔移民構(gòu)成以中產(chǎn)階級(jí)為主這一特點(diǎn)。第一章按照移民的原因?qū)Ψ▏泼竦臍v史進(jìn)行闡述,包括宗教、經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治原因。接著從法國自身的歷史發(fā)展角度,著重解釋為什么法國移民大都是有一定技能的中產(chǎn)階級(jí),而并不像其他國家的移民那樣,大都是由農(nóng)民為代表的比較貧窮的階級(jí)構(gòu)成。第二章主要論述17—19世紀(jì)法國知識(shí)分子對(duì)于美國復(fù)雜的看法,各種觀點(diǎn)針鋒相對(duì),互相交織,爭論的焦點(diǎn)主要是北美這塊大陸究竟是否適宜歐洲人的生活與發(fā)展。但是這些爭論對(duì)于法國普通民眾而言是很陌生的,這也從側(cè)面解釋了為什么法國移民較少選擇前往北美。18世紀(jì)60年代之后,隨著七年戰(zhàn)爭的爆發(fā),各種有關(guān)北美的報(bào)道日益增多,兩國之間的交流也日益密切,尤其是本杰明·富蘭克林不遺余力的宣傳,在法國掀起了一股“崇美主義”。在這“一推一拉”的作用下,再加上法國大革命期的動(dòng)蕩,導(dǎo)致眾多的法國中產(chǎn)階級(jí)移民美國。第三章將焦點(diǎn)對(duì)準(zhǔn)了杜邦家族,首先是皮埃爾·塞繆爾·杜邦。作為舊制度時(shí)期法國貴族,他經(jīng)歷了法國大革命這一巨變,失去了貴族的身份。此外,由于他的特殊身份,他與美、法兩國的上層都很熟悉。作為一名中產(chǎn)階級(jí),當(dāng)他在法國失勢之后,他選擇到美國實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想�？上У氖�,美國的現(xiàn)實(shí)環(huán)境使得他無所適從,迷失自我,被迫回到法國,但是法國的局勢也已今非昔比,最終他在美國郁郁而終。而老杜邦的次予埃勒泰爾·伊雷內(nèi)·杜邦卻憑借自身的努力與時(shí)代提供的機(jī)遇,將火藥生意越做越大,成為了法裔中產(chǎn)階級(jí)移民的成功典型。
[Abstract]:As we all know, the United States is an immigrant country, and its immigration covers almost all countries and regions in the world. There are many reasons for this, such as the fact that the total number of French immigrants is not large, which leads the United States to pay less attention to this issue. And French officials tend to play down the issue. Still, there are several distinct characteristics of French immigrants, including small numbers, stable numbers and relatively high overall quality, but even if they succeed in the United States, The rate of return of French immigrants to their home countries is still quite high. One of the most striking features of French immigrants is that they are mostly made up of the middle class. The full text consists of three parts: preface, text and conclusion. The preface discusses the basic historical evolution of French immigrants, including several immigration climaxes, and combs the research status of French immigrants at home and abroad. In the main part, this paper focuses on the characteristics of the middle class of the French immigrants in the 17-19 century. The first chapter expounds the history of the French immigrants according to the reasons of immigration, including religion, economy, and so on. Political reasons. Then, from the perspective of France's own historical development, I would like to explain why French immigrants are mostly middle class with certain skills, not like immigrants from other countries. The second chapter mainly deals with the complex views of French intellectuals on the United States in the 17-19 century, which are tit-for-tat and intertwined. The main focus of the debate is whether the North American continent is suitable for European life and development. But these debates are unfamiliar to ordinary French people. This also explains why French immigrants chose less to go to North America. After 60s, with the outbreak of the seven-year war, reports of North America increased and exchanges between the two countries became closer and closer. In particular, Benjamin Franklin spared no effort in propagandizing the idea of "Americanism" in France. Under the influence of "push and pull," he added to the turmoil during the French Revolution. The third chapter focuses on the DuPont family, first of all Pierre Samuel DuPont. As a French aristocrat in the old system, he went through the great changes of the French Revolution. Lost his aristocratic status. Besides, because of his special status, he is familiar with the United States and the upper echelons of France. As a middle class, when he lost power in France, he chose to come to the United States to realize his dream. Unfortunately, The reality of the United States left him at a loss and forced to return to France, but the situation in France was different. In the end, he died in the United States, and the old DuPont gave Elertel Irene DuPont, with his own efforts and the opportunities offered by the times, to make the gunpowder business bigger and bigger, becoming a successful example of French middle-class immigrants.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：K712..4

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