本文選題：歐洲　切入點(diǎn)：英國　出處：《天津師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：工業(yè)革命之后,英國的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長主要集中在工業(yè)部門,而對于這個時期農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的研究,則往往不被重視。然而支撐起英國工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的,毫無疑問是英國的農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)。那么,本文就致力于研究工業(yè)革命后,英國農(nóng)業(yè)的土地所有權(quán)問題以及田制。 本文首先回顧了國內(nèi)外史學(xué)家關(guān)于英國工業(yè)革命后至20世紀(jì)英國關(guān)于土地產(chǎn)權(quán)和田制的研究情況,并通過對史料的研究和分析,探究了英國土地產(chǎn)權(quán)方面的種種變化。英國土地經(jīng)歷了小土地的衰落和大土地的發(fā)展,土地耕種規(guī)模逐步趨向集中；同時,英國土地出現(xiàn)了土地產(chǎn)權(quán)和經(jīng)營權(quán)逐步合一的現(xiàn)象,具體表現(xiàn)為近代以來興盛一時的租地農(nóng)場制度在20世紀(jì)逐漸為自營農(nóng)場所取代。也就是,英國的農(nóng)場從規(guī)模上看趨于集中,從經(jīng)營上看趨于自營。而無論是土地的集中還是經(jīng)營權(quán)與產(chǎn)權(quán)的合一,其關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)都是土地的自由轉(zhuǎn)移和產(chǎn)權(quán)體系的明晰化。而這多歸功于19世紀(jì)至20世紀(jì)初一系列土地法律的改革。同時,在英國的田制方面,無休耕的輪作制度取代了中世紀(jì)盛行的三圃制,而很多村莊的大地主開始進(jìn)行大農(nóng)場的聯(lián)合經(jīng)營,形成了一個村莊可能是有幾個大地主所有,并且集中在一起聯(lián)合經(jīng)營的形式。 而關(guān)于歐洲其他國家,本文主要討論了法國、德國和低地國家的土地產(chǎn)權(quán)和田制,旨在了解歐洲其他國家的土地農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營的風(fēng)貌及與英國的差異。如法國自法國大革命開始走了與英國完全不同的小農(nóng)式的農(nóng)業(yè)資本主義道路；而德國雖然是走土地集中化的道路,但是其中不乏政府引導(dǎo)起到了很大的作用；而以荷蘭為首的低地國家自近代以來走上了集中化的定制農(nóng)業(yè)的道路。 本文試圖通過多以英國為首的歐洲國家土地產(chǎn)權(quán)和田制自工業(yè)革命以來發(fā)展?fàn)顩r的論述,展現(xiàn)歐洲近代轉(zhuǎn)型之后的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)形態(tài),并力圖可以找到值得我國發(fā)展能夠借鑒的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
[Abstract]:After the Industrial Revolution, Britain's economic growth was mainly concentrated in the industrial sector, but the study of agricultural development in this period was often ignored. This paper is devoted to the study of land ownership and land system in British agriculture after the Industrial Revolution. This paper first reviews the research on land property rights and farmland system in Britain from the British Industrial Revolution to 20th century, and through the research and analysis of historical data, This paper probes into various changes in land property rights in England. The land in England has experienced the decline of small land and the development of large land, and the scale of land cultivation has gradually tended to be concentrated. At the same time, the phenomenon of land property right and management right gradually unified in Britain. This was manifested in the fact that in 20th century, the system of leased farms, which had flourished for a while since modern times, was gradually replaced by self-employed farms. That is, farms in Britain tended to be concentrated in terms of scale. In terms of management, it tends to be self-supporting. Whether it is the centralization of land or the integration of management rights and property rights, The key links are the free transfer of land and the clarity of the property system. Much of this is due to a series of land law reforms from 19th century to early 20th century. At the same time, in the case of the land system in the United Kingdom, The no-fallow rotation system replaced the three-nursery system prevailing in the Middle Ages, and the large landlords in many villages began to work together on large farms, forming a form in which a village might be owned by several large landlords and concentrated together. As for other European countries, this paper mainly discusses the land property rights and farmland system in France, Germany and lowland countries. The purpose of this paper is to understand the style of agricultural management of land in other European countries and its differences with Britain. For example, France has taken a completely different agricultural capitalist road from Britain since the beginning of the French Revolution. Although Germany takes the road of land centralization, but there is no lack of government guidance played a great role, and the Netherlands led by the low-lying country since modern times to take the road of centralized customized agriculture. This paper attempts to show the agricultural development after the modern transformation of Europe through the discussion of the development of land property rights and farmland system in European countries led by Britain since the Industrial Revolution. And try to find the experience that our country can use for reference.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K5

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