本文選題：蘇聯(lián)　切入點：中東政策　出處：《首都師范大學》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：20世紀50年代,根據(jù)國際形勢的變化和本國戰(zhàn)略利益的定位,這一時期蘇聯(lián)中東政策逐漸發(fā)生轉變。本文主要論述1954—1956年蘇聯(lián)中東政策調(diào)整的背景、實踐過程及其影響。 全文共分為四章： 第一章主要論述了20世紀40年代后期,在英國一手控制中東局勢難以維持的形勢下,蘇聯(lián)采取的中東政策。通過支持巴勒斯坦分治計劃,打擊英國在中東特別是在阿拉伯國家的勢力,支持猶太復國主義,拉近與以色列的關系,使蘇聯(lián)外交獲得了更靈活的空間。 第二章主要闡述了蘇聯(lián)調(diào)整中東政策的背景。戰(zhàn)后中東地區(qū)民族解放運動蓬勃發(fā)展,西方國家在中東地區(qū)殖民體系危機正在日益擴大,為蘇聯(lián)調(diào)整與反抗殖民壓迫的阿拉伯國家的關系提供了機遇。西方國家挑起冷戰(zhàn),不斷在蘇聯(lián)周圍組建包圍圈,迫使蘇聯(lián)為了打破圍堵,積極發(fā)展與阿拉伯國家的關系,高舉支持阿拉伯國家民族解放運動和阿拉伯進步力量的旗幟,打擊西方的勢力。 第三章重點分析了蘇聯(lián)對埃及政策的改變和實踐。埃及推翻法魯克王朝后,納賽爾政府上臺,堅持阿拉伯民族主義的立場,反對帝國主義所策劃的軍事同盟,提倡中立和不結盟政策。西方國家以提供埃及急需武器作為條件,企圖迫使納賽爾改變政策。這些為蘇聯(lián)將勢力真正滲入中東提供了機會。由捷克斯洛伐克出面與埃及進行武器交易,通過納賽爾在阿拉伯國家中的影響力,拉攏敘利亞、也門等國家,同時為美國勢力的進入不斷設置障礙,抵制巴格達條約使其最終成為虛設。 第四章主要探討了蘇聯(lián)對以色列政策的調(diào)整。隨著以色列改變中立政策,外交重心逐漸靠近美國,蘇聯(lián)改變了以色列建國時對猶太人外交、軍事上的支持,輿論上抨擊以色列成為了殖民國家的武器,國內(nèi)興起反猶主義運動,外交上支持阿拉伯國家,指責以色列對阿拉伯國家的侵犯,在重要的武器援助問題上,拒絕了以色列的請求,轉而援助阿拉伯國家。不斷向以色列施加壓力,試圖阻止其加入西方軍事同盟,同時將矛頭指向美國,指責西方的殖民侵略才是中東問題的原因所在。 通過對以上一些問題的探討,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn),這一時期,蘇聯(lián)外交的轉變和中東政策的出臺與實踐基本上符合蘇聯(lián)國情及對外政策和當時外部環(huán)境的變化。赫魯曉夫時期采取的將蘇聯(lián)的戰(zhàn)略和外交勢力突入世界廣大不發(fā)達地區(qū)外交政策的探索,也為蘇聯(lián)對抗美國、贏得在中東地區(qū)立足并擴大影響提供了重要的機會。
[Abstract]:In 1950s, according to the change of international situation and the orientation of national strategic interests, the Soviet Union's Middle East policy gradually changed. In this paper, the background, practice process and influence of the Soviet Union's Middle East policy adjustment from 1954 to 1956 were discussed.
The full text is divided into four chapters.
The first chapter mainly discusses the late 1940s in the UK, a hand control of the situation in the Middle East is difficult to maintain the situation, take the Soviet policy in the Middle East. By supporting the partition plan for Palestine, against the British in the Middle East especially in Arabia state power, Zionist, closer relations with Israel, the Soviet Union won more flexible diplomacy space.
The second chapter mainly elaborates the background of the Soviet Union adjustment policy in the Middle East. The Middle East National Liberation Movement vigorous development, the western countries in the Middle East crisis colonial system is growing, provides the opportunity for the Soviet Union relationship adjustment and against colonial oppression in the state of Arabia. The western countries continue to provoke the cold war in the Soviet Union around the formation of encirclement, forcing the Soviet Union in order to break the blockade, the positive development of relations with the state of Arabia, held in support of the Arabia national liberation movement and the progressive forces in Arabia banner against Western forces.
The third chapter focuses on the analysis of the Soviet Union on the Egyptian policy change and practice. After the overthrow of the Farouk Dynasty, the Nasser administration, adhere to Arabia nationalism, anti imperialist planned military alliance, advocating neutrality and nonalignment. Western countries to provide much-needed weapons as Egypt, in an attempt to force Nasser to change policy. The Soviet forces will infiltrate into the real Middle East provides opportunities. By Czechoslovakia to the sale of weapons to Egypt, through the influence of Nasser, in Arabia in the country to Syria, Yemen and other countries, at the same time to enter the United States forces continue to set obstacles, to boycott the Baghdad Pact to eventually become useless.
The fourth chapter mainly discusses the Soviet policy towards Israel. Israel changes with the policy of neutrality, diplomatic focus gradually close to the United States, the Soviet Union changed the state of Israel for Jewish diplomacy, military support, public opinion has become a weapon to attack Israeli colonial countries, the rise of the domestic anti Semitism movement, the diplomatic support of Arabia country. Accused Israel of violation of Arabia state, assistance in weapons important, rejected Israel's request, to aid Arabia. Countries continue to exert pressure on Israel, trying to stop them join the Western military alliance, and will spearhead the United States accused the Western colonial invasion is the reason for the middle East.
Through the discussion of some of the questions above, we can see that during this period, with the practice of changing the Soviet foreign policy and the Middle East is basically in line with the national conditions and the changes of the Soviet foreign policy and external environment. At the time of Khrushchev of the Soviet Union's strategy and foreign forces into the world the underdeveloped areas of foreign policy research also, for the Soviet Union against the United States in the Middle East, to win a foothold and expand the influence and provides an important opportunity.

【學位授予單位】：首都師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K512.5

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前6條

1 徐婭囡;吳建章;;蘇聯(lián)支持以色列建國的動機分析[J];當代世界社會主義問題;2006年04期

2 陳兆芬;赫魯曉夫時期蘇聯(lián)對外政策理論的形成與反思[J];俄羅斯研究;2004年02期

3 李鵬程;;論蘇聯(lián)對巴勒斯坦問題的政策[J];科教文匯(下旬刊);2007年01期

4 楊冬燕;1955年埃蘇武器交易內(nèi)幕[J];南京大學學報(哲學.人文科學.社會科學版);2002年06期

5 時殷弘;蘇聯(lián)對外政策的轉變——從斯大林去世到蘇共二十大[J];南京大學學報(哲學.人文科學.社會科學版);1999年01期

6 王京烈;;埃及外交政策分析[J];西亞非洲;2006年04期

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 李鵬程;1947—1957年蘇聯(lián)對以色列政策的演變[D];華中師范大學;2007年

，

本文編號：1583158