本文選題：埃比尼澤·霍華德　切入點(diǎn)：田園城市　出處：《河北師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：19世紀(jì)末,伴隨著工業(yè)革命所帶來的人口與工業(yè)急劇向城市集中,英國(guó)出現(xiàn)了嚴(yán)重的城市問題。社會(huì)改革家埃比尼澤·霍華德創(chuàng)立田園城市理論,提出了一種嶄新的解決方案,但在隨后的理論發(fā)展中,有關(guān)社會(huì)改革的部分逐漸被拋棄,其中城市規(guī)劃與設(shè)計(jì)的部分則保留下來。二戰(zhàn)后,英國(guó)政府依據(jù)變化后的田園城市理論大規(guī)模興建新鎮(zhèn),取得了巨大的成功,并引起了世界范圍內(nèi)的興建新鎮(zhèn)的熱潮。目前,國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者對(duì)于英國(guó)新鎮(zhèn)的研究,主要是從城市規(guī)劃學(xué)的角度探討霍華德田園城市理論的重要地位和深遠(yuǎn)影響。本文借鑒已有的學(xué)術(shù)成果,試圖對(duì)英國(guó)田園城市理論在具體實(shí)踐過程中發(fā)生的變化、二戰(zhàn)后的政府的新鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)及其特征進(jìn)行分析,以期對(duì)英國(guó)的城市化有更為深入的認(rèn)識(shí)。 正文共分五部分: 第一部分追溯新鎮(zhèn)運(yùn)動(dòng)興起的原因、田園城市理論的產(chǎn)生及其異化過程;第二部分首先介紹田園城市理論的提出者及其支持者所籌建的新鎮(zhèn):萊奇沃思和韋林;其次,在田園城市理論及其實(shí)踐影響下,英國(guó)政府城市規(guī)劃的演變與舉措;第三部分介紹二戰(zhàn)后雷斯委員會(huì)的成立及其對(duì)城市問題的分析,特別論述其所提出的新鎮(zhèn)的總體規(guī)劃;概要介紹英國(guó)政府大規(guī)模建設(shè)新鎮(zhèn)的三個(gè)歷史階段;第四部分與傳統(tǒng)城市相比較,分析新鎮(zhèn)所具有的特點(diǎn),如全面規(guī)劃、功能完備、力求實(shí)現(xiàn)自足;兼具城市、鄉(xiāng)村的優(yōu)點(diǎn);工業(yè)的布局合理、重視產(chǎn)業(yè)平衡;獨(dú)特的交通設(shè)計(jì)等;指出戰(zhàn)后新鎮(zhèn)也存在許多“不足”,盡管新鎮(zhèn)取得了巨大的成就,但并沒有完全解決城市問題;第五部分認(rèn)為英國(guó)的新鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)在世界范圍內(nèi)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響,為世界的城市建設(shè)提供了一個(gè)極具價(jià)值的發(fā)展方向,在許多國(guó)家都引發(fā)了建設(shè)新鎮(zhèn)的熱潮,這也是霍華德田園城市理論的生機(jī)所在。 總之,英國(guó)新鎮(zhèn)運(yùn)動(dòng)雖已成為歷史,但卻為世界范圍內(nèi)的城市規(guī)劃理論和實(shí)踐的發(fā)展奠定了重要基礎(chǔ)。它形成了新的規(guī)劃思想,使城市規(guī)劃學(xué)科發(fā)展到了一個(gè)新高度。在實(shí)踐中,英國(guó)新鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)也積累了許多寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn),對(duì)世界城市發(fā)展史的影響不容忽視。
[Abstract]:In late 19th century, with the rapid concentration of population and industry brought about by the industrial revolution, there was a serious urban problem in England. Ebenezer Howard, a social reformer, created the rural city theory and proposed a new solution. However, in the subsequent theoretical development, the part on social reform was gradually abandoned, and the part of urban planning and design was preserved. After World War II, the British government built new towns on a large scale based on the changed rural urban theory. Great success has been achieved, and a worldwide upsurge in the construction of new towns has arisen. At present, domestic scholars have studied new towns in Britain. This paper mainly discusses the important position and far-reaching influence of Howard's pastoral urban theory from the perspective of urban planning. After World War II, the government's new town construction and its characteristics were analyzed in order to have a deeper understanding of Britain's urbanization. The text is divided into five parts:. The first part traces the causes of the rise of the new town movement, the emergence and alienation of the rural city theory; the second part introduces the new town: Lecchiworth and Wering, which are proposed by the proponents of the rural city theory and their supporters; secondly, Under the influence of idyllic city theory and practice, the evolvement and measures of the British government's urban planning are introduced in the third part, the establishment of the Les Committee after World War II and its analysis of the urban problems are introduced, especially the overall planning of the new town. This paper briefly introduces the three historical stages of the large-scale construction of new towns by the British government: part 4th, compared with the traditional cities, analyzes the characteristics of the new towns, such as overall planning, complete functions, self-sufficiency, the advantages of both cities and villages; The layout of industry is reasonable, the industry balance is emphasized, the unique traffic design and so on, points out that there are many "shortcomings" in the new town after the war, although the new town has made great achievements, it has not completely solved the urban problems. In 5th, it was considered that the construction of new towns in Britain had a profound impact on the world, which provided a valuable direction of development for the world's urban construction, and triggered the upsurge of building new towns in many countries. This is also the vitality of Howard's rural city theory. In a word, although the New Town Movement in England has become a history, it has laid an important foundation for the development of urban planning theory and practice in the world. The subject of urban planning has been developed to a new height. In practice, the construction of new towns in Britain has accumulated many valuable experiences, which can not be ignored in the history of the development of cities in the world.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K561.5

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