本文選題：英國　切入點：1381年大起義　出處：《首都師范大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 英國1381年大起義是當(dāng)時英國政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和各種社會矛盾長期累積和演化發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果。作為英國歷史上第一次大規(guī)模的武裝起義，它反過來也給英國的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會帶來了深遠(yuǎn)的影響�；诖�，本文試圖對該次起義爆發(fā)的原因、后果進(jìn)行一些探索性的論述和分析，并簡要介紹了起義的一些重要經(jīng)過。 全文共分三章，論述的重點主要放在一前一后兩章。 第一章對起義爆發(fā)的背景進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)分析。毫無疑問，，中世紀(jì)英國農(nóng)民與封建主之間階級矛盾激化是這次起義爆發(fā)的最根本原因。文章緊扣階級矛盾這條主線，分析了起義爆發(fā)前一些政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會狀況：黑死病的連續(xù)襲擊導(dǎo)致英國勞動力匱乏，生產(chǎn)生活遭到破壞，封建統(tǒng)治秩序出現(xiàn)紊亂；政府為維護(hù)統(tǒng)治而頒布的勞工法令，加劇了本來就很尖銳的矛盾；三次人頭稅的征收成為了起義爆發(fā)的直接原因。 第二章主要介紹了起義過程，包括起義爆發(fā)、高潮及尾聲。對一些沖突最激烈的地區(qū)起義和一些典型的城市起義進(jìn)行了稍微詳細(xì)的闡述。 第三章分析和論述了起義影響。起義者提出的綱領(lǐng)性文件——邁爾恩德綱領(lǐng)和斯密斯·菲爾德要求，樸實地反映了起義者主要的經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、宗教思想和愿望。1381年大起義雖然未能直接摧毀英國封建農(nóng)奴制，但加速了它的瓦解，同時喚醒了下層人民的覺悟，給英國帶來了深遠(yuǎn)影響。
[Abstract]:The Great Intifada in 1381 was the inevitable result of the long-term accumulation and evolution of British political, economic and social contradictions. As the first large-scale armed uprising in British history, it in turn gave British politics. Based on this, this paper attempts to discuss and analyze the causes and consequences of the uprising, and briefly introduces some important processes of the uprising. The full text is divided into three chapters, the main focus of the discussion is a first one and two chapters. The first chapter makes a detailed analysis of the background of the outbreak of the uprising. There is no doubt that the intensification of class conflicts between the peasants and feudal masters in the Middle Ages was the most fundamental reason for the outbreak of the uprising. An analysis of some political, economic and social conditions prior to the outbreak of the uprising: the successive attacks of the Black death led to a shortage of labour, the destruction of productive life and the disorder of the feudal order in Britain; and the labour laws issued by the Government to preserve its rule, Exacerbated the already sharp contradiction; the collection of three poll taxes became the direct cause of the uprising. The second chapter mainly introduces the process of uprisings, including the outbreak, climax and end of the uprisings, and describes in detail some of the most violent regional uprisings and some typical urban uprisings. The third chapter analyzes and discusses the influence of the uprising. The programmatic document put forward by the insurrectors-the Mayrnder Programme and Smith Field's demand-simply reflects the main economic, political, and political aspects of the insurrectors. Although the Great uprising of 1381 failed to destroy the feudal serfdom in England, it accelerated its disintegration and awakened the consciousness of the lower classes, which brought profound influence to Britain.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K561.32

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

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1 馬克W

本文編號：1561747