本文關(guān)鍵詞： 蘇聯(lián) 美國(guó) 捷克斯洛伐克 政策　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：20世紀(jì)40年代,捷克斯洛伐克歷史進(jìn)程的一個(gè)重要特征是一步步向蘇聯(lián)靠攏,并最終建立了“準(zhǔn)斯大林體制”,徹底的疏遠(yuǎn)了美國(guó),這一歷史進(jìn)程與蘇美兩國(guó)對(duì)外戰(zhàn)略的轉(zhuǎn)變、蘇美對(duì)東歐政策的轉(zhuǎn)變是一致的。二戰(zhàn)后,蘇美在東歐的政治軍事存在,決定著其在捷克斯洛伐克事務(wù)中的發(fā)言權(quán)。伴隨著戰(zhàn)后國(guó)際形勢(shì)的變化,蘇美兩國(guó)逐漸由合作走向了對(duì)抗,蘇美兩國(guó)加緊了對(duì)東歐各國(guó)的滲透和控制,特別是對(duì)軍工產(chǎn)業(yè)比較發(fā)達(dá)的捷克斯洛伐克。 本文以國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)捷克斯洛伐克研究為基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合搜集到的有關(guān)資料,試圖對(duì)1942—1948年捷克斯洛伐克歷史進(jìn)程中的美蘇因素進(jìn)行一番闡釋。論文共分為四個(gè)部分。 第一部分論述了1942-1945年間,蘇美對(duì)捷克斯洛伐克政治進(jìn)程影響。捷克斯洛伐克被德國(guó)占領(lǐng)后,在國(guó)外存在著兩股政治力量,一個(gè)是捷共,一個(gè)是貝奈斯流亡政府。由于意識(shí)形態(tài)和國(guó)際環(huán)境原因,捷共借助蘇聯(lián)的力量迅速的成長(zhǎng)壯大,而貝奈斯流亡政府也在英美的支持下成為了一支重要的政治力量。蘇美影響下的捷共和非共,在蘇美合作的大環(huán)境下共同決定著捷克斯洛伐克的政治進(jìn)程。 第二部分主要論述戰(zhàn)后撤軍問題和在馬歇爾計(jì)劃中蘇美的政策。戰(zhàn)后蘇美兩國(guó)出于自身利益考慮,決定同時(shí)撤出在捷克斯洛伐克的軍隊(duì)。之后,美國(guó)出于復(fù)興和控制歐洲的目的,拋出了歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)興的馬歇爾計(jì)劃。雖然蘇聯(lián)和東歐國(guó)家都十分愿意加入計(jì)劃,但最終由于斯大林認(rèn)為馬歇爾計(jì)劃,存在危害蘇聯(lián)國(guó)家利益的目的而決定放棄參加計(jì)劃,并且要求與其關(guān)系密切的東歐、南歐國(guó)家也拒絕參加。蘇美間的對(duì)抗開始在對(duì)捷克斯洛伐克政策中體現(xiàn)。 第三部分主要論述了“二月事件”時(shí)期蘇美對(duì)捷克斯洛伐克政策。在蘇美走向冷戰(zhàn)的大環(huán)境下,捷克斯洛伐克國(guó)內(nèi)的兩大政治派別也進(jìn)行了爭(zhēng)權(quán)斗爭(zhēng)。最終,捷共在斯大林的堅(jiān)決支持下,通過(guò)“二月事件”成功的將貝奈斯非共產(chǎn)黨集團(tuán)排擠出了捷克斯洛伐克政治舞臺(tái)。 第四部分主要論述了捷克斯洛伐克“二月事件”后蘇美對(duì)其政策。二月事件后,捷共成為了捷克斯洛伐克的執(zhí)政黨,捷共在外交上主要依靠的是蘇聯(lián),捷蘇關(guān)系走向密切。美國(guó)此時(shí)改變了以往的對(duì)捷政策開始利用“非軍事手段”對(duì)捷進(jìn)行制裁,希望迫使捷克斯洛伐克就范,結(jié)果導(dǎo)致了捷克斯洛伐克徹底倒向了蘇聯(lián)。
[Abstract]:In 1940s, an important feature of Czechoslovakia's historical process was that it drew closer to the Soviet Union step by step, and finally established the "quasi-Stalin system", which completely alienated the United States. The Soviet Union and the United States' change of policy towards Eastern Europe is consistent. After World War II, the Soviet and American political and military presence in Eastern Europe determined its say in Czechoslovakia affairs. With the changes in the postwar international situation, The Soviet Union and the United States gradually moved from cooperation to confrontation, and the Soviet Union and the United States stepped up their infiltration and control over the countries of Eastern Europe, especially Czechoslovakia, where the military industry is relatively developed. Based on the study of Czechoslovakia at home and abroad and the relevant data collected, this paper attempts to explain the American and Soviet factors in the historical process of Czechoslovakia from 1942-1948. The paper is divided into four parts. The first part discusses the influence of the Soviet Union and the United States on the political process of Czechoslovakia from 1942-1945. After Czechoslovakia was occupied by Germany, there were two political forces abroad, one of which was the Czech Communist Party. One is the exiled government of Benes. Because of ideology and the international environment, the Czech Republic has grown rapidly with the help of the Soviet Union. Under the influence of the Soviet Union and the United States, the Czech Republic, the African Republic and the Communist Party jointly decided the political process of Czechoslovakia under the environment of the cooperation between the Soviet Union and the United States. The second part mainly discusses the issue of withdrawal after the war and the policy of the Soviet Union and the United States in the Marshall Plan. After the war, the Soviet Union and the United States decided to withdraw their troops in Czechoslovakia at the same time for their own interests. For the purpose of reviving and controlling Europe, the United States threw out the Marshall Plan for the economic revival of Europe. Although both the Soviet Union and the Eastern European countries were willing to join the plan, eventually Stalin thought that the Marshall Plan, The Soviet-American confrontation began to be reflected in the Czechoslovakia policy, as did Eastern Europe, which has close ties to the Soviet Union, and southern Europe, for the purpose of jeopardizing the Soviet Union's national interests. The third part mainly discusses the Soviet-American policy toward Czechoslovakia during the "February incident". Under the environment of the Soviet Union and the United States moving towards the Cold War, the two major political factions in Czechoslovakia also fought for power. With Stalin's firm support, the CPZ successfully excluded the non-Communist Party of Benes from the Czechoslovak political arena through the events of February. The 4th part mainly discusses the Soviet and American policies towards Czechoslovakia after the "February incident". After the February incident, the CPC became the ruling party of Czechoslovakia, and the CPZ mainly relied on the Soviet Union in its diplomacy. Czechoslovakia became closer. The United States changed its previous policy towards Czech Republic and began to use "non-military means" to impose sanctions on Czechoslovakia in the hope of forcing Czechoslovakia to submit to the Soviet Union, which led to Czechoslovakia's total reversal to the Soviet Union.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D815;K514.5

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本文編號(hào)：1556146