本文關(guān)鍵詞： 蘇聯(lián) 蘇芬戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng) 東方戰(zhàn)線　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 1939—1940年蘇芬戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是第二次世界大戰(zhàn)初期蘇聯(lián)構(gòu)建東方戰(zhàn)線的重要環(huán)節(jié)。蘇芬戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)對(duì)蘇聯(lián)的軍事改革和芬蘭的外交政策均產(chǎn)生了重大影響。但長(zhǎng)期以來,由于歷史的原因,國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)這方面的研究較為薄弱,對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)的原因和影響等問題依然存在激烈的爭(zhēng)論,因此研究蘇芬戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)有著重要的理論價(jià)值和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 全文分為前言、正文、結(jié)論三個(gè)部分,正文共五章。 第一章分析蘇芬戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)的背景。在德國(guó)法西斯侵略擴(kuò)張和英法推行綏靖政策的形勢(shì)下,蘇聯(lián)試圖在芬蘭領(lǐng)土上建立防御德國(guó)侵略的緩沖地帶。蘇聯(lián)對(duì)芬蘭的外交政策和芬蘭的中立政策之間相互沖突,這種矛盾的發(fā)展導(dǎo)致了蘇芬戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的爆發(fā)。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)的根本原因是蘇聯(lián)為了維護(hù)自身的安全而損害芬蘭的利益,直接原因是芬蘭堅(jiān)持中立政策不動(dòng)搖導(dǎo)致談判失敗。 第二章闡述了蘇芬戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的經(jīng)過。蘇芬戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)分為兩個(gè)階段,在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的第一階段,蘇軍的進(jìn)攻遭遇到芬蘭軍民的頑強(qiáng)抵抗,嚴(yán)重受挫。在吸取教訓(xùn)和調(diào)整戰(zhàn)略部署后,蘇軍以絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)兵力發(fā)動(dòng)第二階段進(jìn)攻。芬蘭軍隊(duì)進(jìn)行了英勇抵抗,但由于雙方力量懸殊,芬蘭軍隊(duì)不斷后退。在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)形勢(shì)日益惡化的情況下,芬蘭政府發(fā)出求和聲明,接受蘇聯(lián)的和談條件,雙方停戰(zhàn)。 第三章分析西方國(guó)家對(duì)蘇芬戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的態(tài)度。蘇芬戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)后,盟國(guó)對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)采取了較為謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度。一方面,盟國(guó)從道義上和物質(zhì)上對(duì)芬蘭的抵抗進(jìn)行了援助;另一方面,盟國(guó)避免和蘇聯(lián)發(fā)生直接的軍事對(duì)抗,把給芬蘭的援助局限在一定范圍之內(nèi),始終沒有派正規(guī)軍隊(duì)援助芬蘭。斯堪的那維亞國(guó)家從自身利益出,對(duì)外奉行中立政策,拒絕盟國(guó)援助芬蘭的軍隊(duì)過境,限制了西方對(duì)芬蘭的援助。在某種程度上,盟國(guó)和斯堪的納維亞國(guó)家對(duì)芬蘭的政策決定了芬蘭抗戰(zhàn)的命運(yùn)。 的第四章分析了蘇芬戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的影響。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)給雙方造成了重大的人員傷亡和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失,把有可能成為蘇聯(lián)盟友的芬蘭推入德國(guó)法西斯的懷抱。蘇聯(lián)進(jìn)攻芬蘭降低了蘇聯(lián)在國(guó)際上享有的良好聲譽(yù),加快了德國(guó)進(jìn)攻蘇聯(lián)的步伐。蘇芬戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)暴露了蘇軍在軍事訓(xùn)練,指揮機(jī)制等方面的缺點(diǎn)。蘇軍在芬蘭戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的失利,引起蘇聯(lián)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的反思,推動(dòng)了蘇軍的軍事領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制改革和軍隊(duì)的現(xiàn)代化建設(shè),為取得反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的勝利創(chuàng)造了有利條件。 第五章分析了蘇芬戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中交戰(zhàn)雙方勝敗得失的原因。蘇軍以絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)的兵力進(jìn)攻芬蘭,但在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)初期卻遭到慘重的失敗。蘇聯(lián)初戰(zhàn)失利的原因是多方面的,從主觀上來說,蘇聯(lián)的軍事領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制限制了蘇軍積極性和主動(dòng)性的發(fā)揮,抵消了蘇軍在武器裝備上的優(yōu)勢(shì),蘇聯(lián)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人犯了輕敵的錯(cuò)誤,在沒有完全做好軍事準(zhǔn)備工作的情況下,發(fā)動(dòng)對(duì)芬蘭的軍事進(jìn)攻,在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)初期遭到軍事上的慘敗。從客觀上來說,芬蘭嚴(yán)寒的氣候和森林密布、湖泊眾多的自然環(huán)境不利于蘇軍機(jī)械化部隊(duì)行動(dòng)。芬蘭軍隊(duì)充分發(fā)揮本土作戰(zhàn)的優(yōu)勢(shì),采用了符合本國(guó)實(shí)際情況的戰(zhàn)略戰(zhàn)術(shù),取得了初戰(zhàn)的勝利。蘇軍在調(diào)整部署后,憑借絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)的兵力和武器裝備迫使芬蘭求和,接受蘇聯(lián)提出的和談條件。
[Abstract]:1939 - 1940 winter war is an important link in the early days of the Second World War the Soviet Union building. The eastern front had great influence on the Soviet Finnish war military reform and Finland's foreign policy. But for a long time, due to historical reasons, the domestic research in this area is weak, on the outbreak of war causes and effects there is still controversy, so the study of Finnish war has important theoretical value and practical significance.
The full text is divided into the preface, the body and the conclusion of the three parts, and the main body of the text is five chapters.
The first chapter analyzes the background of the winter war broke out. In the German fascist aggression and the situation of the British and French appeasement policy, the Soviet Union tried to establish a buffer zone against German aggression in the territory of Finland. Between the Soviet foreign policy to Finland and Finland's neutral policy of mutual conflict, the development of this contradiction led to the outbreak of the winter war the fundamental reasons for the outbreak of war. The Soviet Union in order to protect their own safety and damage the interests of Finland, is the direct cause of Finland adhere to neutrality policy unswervingly failed.
The second chapter of the winter war. After the winter war is divided into two stages. In the first stage of the war, the Soviet offensive encounter Finland military strong resistance, suffered a serious setback. In lessons and adjust strategic deployment, the Soviet troops overwhelmingly launched the second phase of attack. Finland army carried out a heroic resistance, but due to the disparity in strength, Finland army continued to retreat. In the battlefield situation worsening situation, and the government of Finland issued a statement, accept the conditions for peace talks, the two sides of a truce.
The third chapter analyzes the attitude of western countries on the Finnish winter war. After the outbreak of the war, the allies took a more cautious attitude towards war. On the one hand, the allies from the moral and material of Finland resistance of aid; on the other hand, the allies and the Soviet Union to avoid direct military confrontation, give aid to Finland limited in a certain range, has not sent formal military aid to Finland. Scandinavian countries from their own interests, foreign aid allies refused to pursue a policy of neutrality, Finland's military transit, limiting the Western aid to Finland. To some extent, the state decided Scandinavia Finland war allies and the fate of Finland policy.
The fourth chapter analyzes the impact of the winter war. The war has caused heavy casualties and property losses to both sides, Finland is likely to become the ally of the Soviet Union into the German Fascist arms. The Soviet offensive in Finland reduced the good reputation of the Soviet Union enjoys in the world, to speed up the pace. The German attack on the Soviet Finnish war exposed the Soviets in military training, command mechanism and other shortcomings. The Soviet defeat on the battlefield in Finland, caused by reflection of Soviet leaders, to promote the reform of the Soviet military leadership system and military modernization, and create favorable conditions for the victory of the anti fascist war.
The fifth chapter analyzes the reason of the winter war fought in both victory and defeat loss. Soviet troops overwhelmingly attack Finland, but early in the war was disastrous failure. The reason why the Soviet Union first defeat is in many aspects, from the subjective point of view, the military leadership system of the Soviet Union to limit Soviet enthusiasm and initiative. To offset the Soviet in weapons advantage, the leaders of the Soviet Union made a mistake in not to underestimate the enemy, military ready to work, to launch a military attack on Finland, bombed the military in the early days of the war. Objectively speaking, Finland cold weather and forest, many lakes in the natural environment for the Soviet mechanized forces action. The army of Finland give full play to the advantages of local operations, the strategy and tactics according to their own actual situation, has achieved initial victory. The Soviets in the adjustment part After the administration, the forces and weapons of the absolute superiority forced Finland to seek and accept the terms of the peace talks proposed by the Soviet Union.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：K152

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 趙文亮;20余年來我國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)界關(guān)于蘇聯(lián)衛(wèi)國(guó)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)前夕外交政策的研究[J];俄羅斯中亞東歐研究;2005年04期

2 程豈凡;;只能是一次非正義的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)——蘇芬戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)性質(zhì)之我見[J];甘肅理論學(xué)刊;1989年02期

3 萬安中;建立“東方戰(zhàn)線”得失問題新探[J];江西社會(huì)科學(xué);2002年12期

4 薩本仁;試論二次世界大戰(zhàn)初期蘇聯(lián)對(duì)外政策中的社會(huì)沙文主義[J];寧夏大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);1980年01期

5 梁占軍;1939年蘇芬戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)與英國(guó)的反應(yīng)[J];首都師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2000年01期

6 吉珊珊;從俄羅斯解密檔案看蘇芬戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)[J];山西檔案;2002年02期

7 項(xiàng)祥一;蘇芬戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后果初探[J];史學(xué)月刊;1982年03期

8 部彥秀;;論蘇芬冬戰(zhàn)[J];外國(guó)問題研究;1989年02期

9 徐德龍,陳從陽;芬蘭與蘇芬戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)[J];廣西梧州師范高等專科學(xué)校學(xué)報(bào);1999年01期

10 陳從陽;蘇芬戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與蘇德戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)[J];廣西梧州師范高等�？茖W(xué)校學(xué)報(bào);2001年02期

，

本文編號(hào)：1544612