本文關(guān)鍵詞： 日本近世商人 江戶時(shí)代 領(lǐng)主的商品經(jīng)濟(jì) 農(nóng)民的商品經(jīng)濟(jì) 商品流通機(jī)制　出處：《首都師范大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 日本近世時(shí)代(1568-1867)包括安土桃山①時(shí)期(1568-1603)以及江戶時(shí)期(1603-1867)。這是日本封建社會(huì)發(fā)展的最高和最后階段。在這一時(shí)期活躍的諸多商人統(tǒng)稱為“近世商人”。日本近世商人的活動(dòng)動(dòng)搖了封建領(lǐng)主階級(jí)統(tǒng)治的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ),推動(dòng)了近世日本經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展,為日本資本主義時(shí)代,即近代的到來創(chuàng)造了客觀物質(zhì)條件。本論文將參照中日學(xué)者多年研究成果,以近世300年的歷史為背景,通過探討不同商品經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平下各行業(yè)商人的各類商業(yè)活動(dòng),展示日本前資本主義時(shí)代的社會(huì)特征。 近世商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展主要經(jīng)歷了“領(lǐng)主的商品經(jīng)濟(jì)”和“農(nóng)民的商品經(jīng)濟(jì)”兩個(gè)發(fā)展階段。在“領(lǐng)主的商品經(jīng)濟(jì)”基礎(chǔ)上活躍的近世商人主要有豪商和門閥商人,到了18世紀(jì),隨著農(nóng)村商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,“農(nóng)民的商品經(jīng)濟(jì)”日益興盛,隨著下層市場(chǎng)需求的擴(kuò)大,中下層商人活躍起來,他們主要包括農(nóng)村商人、下層批發(fā)商人、中下層町商以及新型大名貸商人。 本論文通過闡述不同發(fā)展階段下各類商人商業(yè)活動(dòng)的情況,評(píng)價(jià)不同歷史階段下,各種商人經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的歷史作用;探討這些商業(yè)活動(dòng)對(duì)近世日本商品流通機(jī)制以及市場(chǎng)規(guī)模產(chǎn)生的深遠(yuǎn)影響;探討不同階段下,各行業(yè)商人面對(duì)市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)和流通機(jī)制變化采取的應(yīng)對(duì)措施,以及他們最終的興衰結(jié)果。 本文認(rèn)為,近世前期富甲天下的豪商和門閥商人中的大部分,都因領(lǐng)主商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的衰落而退出歷史舞臺(tái);而伴隨著農(nóng)村商品經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展起來的中下層商人,卻因下層需求的擴(kuò)大而越發(fā)活躍。他們的商業(yè)活動(dòng)不僅在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)開拓了更廣闊的下層市場(chǎng),還對(duì)特權(quán)商人控制的領(lǐng)主流通體系造成了嚴(yán)重的沖擊。在瓦解領(lǐng)主商品經(jīng)濟(jì)和流通機(jī)制的同時(shí),中下層商人有了進(jìn)一步控制生產(chǎn)和流通的欲望。
[Abstract]:The modern age of Japan (1568-1867) including the Momoyama period of the Edo period (1568-1603) and (1603-1867). This is the highest and the last stage of the development of the feudal society of Japan. In this period many businessmen active collectively referred to as "modern businessmen". Modern businessmen in Japan activities shook the economic basis rule of the feudal lords. To promote the development of modern Japanese society, Japan is the advent of modern capitalist era, to create the objective material conditions. This paper will refer to years of research in modern day scholars, with 300 years of history as the background, through the discussion of the different levels of economic development of the commodity business people in all kinds of business activities, show social characteristics Japan before the capitalist era.
The development of modern commodity economy mainly through the "lords of the commodity economy" and "rural commodity economy" two stages of development. In the "lords of the commodity economy on the basis of active modern businessmen mainly Hao family and businessman, in eighteenth Century, along with the development of rural commodity economy," rural commodity economy "the growing prosperity, with the expansion of the lower market demand, lower merchant active, they mainly include rural traders, lower wholesale merchants, in the lower town business and new name loan merchants.
This paper expounds various merchants business activities under different stages of development and evaluation in different historical periods, the historical role of businessmen of economic activities; to explore the far-reaching impact of these commercial activities have on the modern Japanese commodity circulation mechanism and market scale; to explore the different stages, the industry marketers face to take measures to deal with the change of market structure and circulation the mechanism, and the rise and fall of their final results.
This paper argues that most modern early wealthy and aristocratic luxury business in the merchant, because of decline of the commodity economy and the Lord from the stage of history; and with the rural commodity economy developed in the lower merchant, but due to the expansion of the lower demand becomes more and more active. Their business activities not only in the country has opened up more the broad lower market, to control the Lords of privileged businessmen circulation system caused serious impact. In the collapse of commodity economy and the circulation mechanism of the Lord at the same time, the lower dealer has to further control the production and circulation of desire.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：K313.36

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