本文關(guān)鍵詞： 美國 民族國家 帝國 雙重構(gòu)建　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：美國是一個(gè)民族國家？抑或一個(gè)帝國？為了解答這個(gè)問題，，本文選取美國從《獨(dú)立宣言》到內(nèi)戰(zhàn)結(jié)束左右美國早期歷史，試圖找出美國民族國家與帝國的起源與早期構(gòu)建，并說明民族國家與帝國是美國早期歷史中兩條重要的線索，存在著同期階段性與互動(dòng)性等特征。理解美國早期歷史中并行交織的兩個(gè)趨勢對深入理解當(dāng)代美國與當(dāng)代世界提供了嶄新的視角與方向。 第一章是導(dǎo)論，主要提出研究的意義，梳理了國內(nèi)外對于美國民族國家發(fā)展、帝國思想與構(gòu)建以及兩者之間關(guān)系的相關(guān)研究成果，指出其中存在的問題與不足，闡釋了本文的研究思路與論文結(jié)構(gòu)。 第二章對民族國家與帝國的理論進(jìn)行了梳理。從民族與民族主義入手，本章解釋了民族國家所具有的現(xiàn)實(shí)與理念的雙重意義，從而為美國民族國家的特性進(jìn)行了剖析。在對帝國概念的整理中加入了對大英帝國構(gòu)建的闡釋，指出美利堅(jiān)帝國構(gòu)建與英帝國有著血脈相通的性質(zhì)和思想意識起源。在對民族國家和帝國關(guān)系的問題上，本章指出了美國與世界上其他國家所不同的特性，即美國同時(shí)具備民族國家與帝國的屬性，而且兩種屬性之間存在著互動(dòng)性。 第三章回顧了殖民地時(shí)期美國民族認(rèn)同的起源，從殖民地人民的種族、宗教意識形態(tài)與殖民地聯(lián)合的發(fā)展等方面證明了美國在革命前初步具備了一個(gè)民族的性質(zhì)。而殖民地時(shí)期自治權(quán)的發(fā)展與母國的矛盾最終構(gòu)成北美革命的重要條件。與此同時(shí)，作為大英帝國的組成部分，殖民地人民一開始就具有開拓進(jìn)取、征服美洲的擴(kuò)張基因，體現(xiàn)為早期的美國例外論與“天定命運(yùn)”思想。 第四章首先講述了從《邦聯(lián)條例》到《美國憲法》的制定過程，展示了美國立國原則與政治妥協(xié)。從聯(lián)邦派執(zhí)政到共和派時(shí)期，美國經(jīng)歷了激烈的政治辯論，基本上形成了美國民族國家的框架與發(fā)展方向。與此同時(shí)，美國開始了大陸帝國擴(kuò)張的嘗試，通過拓殖西部與路易斯安那購地開始了帝國的初步構(gòu)建。這一時(shí)期民族國家與帝國之間關(guān)系體現(xiàn)為：自由帝國思想的廣泛傳播鼓舞著美國人的民族意識，而美國政府在對外擴(kuò)張方面起到了推動(dòng)作用。 第五章首先描述了美國從第二次英美戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束到1848年之間民族國家的進(jìn)一步構(gòu)建。工業(yè)化的發(fā)展帶來了美國經(jīng)濟(jì)的騰飛，美國經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮伴隨著民族主義情緒的高漲而帶來短暫的和睦時(shí)期。隨后，美國國內(nèi)的矛盾導(dǎo)致兩黨制的產(chǎn)生，使美國政治進(jìn)一步民主化和大眾化，但也加深了國內(nèi)的分化。這一時(shí)期美國的帝國構(gòu)建達(dá)到一個(gè)高潮，佛羅里達(dá)、俄勒岡與美墨戰(zhàn)爭讓美國的領(lǐng)土急速擴(kuò)張，同時(shí)對西部的開發(fā)也開啟了西部領(lǐng)土美國化的進(jìn)程。這一時(shí)期民族國家與帝國的關(guān)系體現(xiàn)為：民族國家內(nèi)部矛盾開始產(chǎn)生，而通過擴(kuò)張領(lǐng)土可以在新的領(lǐng)土上緩和緊張關(guān)系的產(chǎn)生。而新成立的州以何種身份加入聯(lián)邦逐漸成為南北分歧的重點(diǎn)。 第六章首先從奴隸制存廢問題的辯論、兩黨制的瓦解和新型兩黨的產(chǎn)生以及內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)與結(jié)束等環(huán)節(jié)勾勒出民族國家從分化到危機(jī)、從解體到重生的過程。而帝國構(gòu)建在這一時(shí)期產(chǎn)生了新的趨勢，大陸帝國在這一時(shí)期宣告終結(jié)。在對民族國家與帝國關(guān)系的分析中，西部領(lǐng)土的身份問題終于成為南北雙方矛盾不可調(diào)和的結(jié)點(diǎn)，最終引發(fā)了內(nèi)戰(zhàn)。而聯(lián)邦在拯救民族國家方面不遺余力，并在戰(zhàn)爭期間以及戰(zhàn)后繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持帝國擴(kuò)張的政策。 結(jié)論部分總結(jié)了美國民族國家構(gòu)建與帝國構(gòu)建的三種特性：1、民族國家構(gòu)建和帝國構(gòu)建是美國早期歷史的兩個(gè)重要線索；2、民族國家構(gòu)建與帝國構(gòu)建有著相同的階段性；3、民族國家構(gòu)建與帝國構(gòu)建有著促進(jìn)與制約的互動(dòng)性。
[Abstract]:The United States is a nation or an empire?? to answer this question, this paper selects the United States from the "Declaration of independence to the end of the civil war about the early history of the United States, trying to find out the American nation and empire building and early origin, and that the nation and the Empire is the two important clues to the early history of the United States, there are during the same period stage and interactive features. To understand the two trends of the early history of the United States parallel interleaver in-depth understanding of contemporary American and the contemporary world provides a new perspective and direction.
The first chapter is the introduction, which mainly puts forward the significance of the research, combing the related research results of the development of the US nation states, the Empire thought and construction, and the relationship between them, pointing out the existing problems and shortcomings, and explaining the research ideas and structure of this paper.
The second chapter is the theory of nation and Empire carried out. Starting from the nation and nationalism, this chapter explains the significance of reality and the concept of the nation-state has, and analyzes the characteristics of American nation. In the idea of Empire joined the consolidation of the British Empire Building interpretation, pointed out the United Empire Building has blood nature and ideology origin and the British Empire. In the nation and Empire relationship issues, this chapter points out the characteristics of the United States and other countries in the world are different, at the same time that the United States has prepared the nation and attribute of the Empire, and between two properties there are interactive.
The third chapter reviews the origins of American national identity during the colonial period, the colonial people race, religion and colonial ideology combined with the development of the United States before the revolution proved initially with the nature of a nation. And the contradiction in the development of colonial autonomy and the parent country finally constitutes an important condition of the American Revolution at the same time, as a part of the British Empire, the colonial people start with pioneering, conquer the extension gene America, reflects the early American Exceptionalism and the "manifest destiny" thought.
The fourth chapter firstly introduces the articles of Confederation from < > and < > the constitution of the United States to develop the process, show our founding principles and political compromise. From the Federalists ruling to Republican period, the United States experienced a fierce political debate, basically formed the national framework and development direction. At the same time, the United States began try, Empire, the West and the Louisiana purchase began to colonize the preliminary construction of the Empire. The relationship between the nation and the Empire during this period is widely spread in the Empire of liberty thought inspired the American national consciousness, while the United States government in foreign expansion has played a role.
The fifth chapter describes the United States from the second Anglo American war to the end of 1848 between the national construction. Further development of industrialization has brought us the rapid development of economy, the prosperity of American economy along with the upsurge of nationalism and bring harmony short period. Subsequently, the United States led to conflicts of the two party system, the politics of the United States further democratization and popularization, but also deepen the domestic differentiation. During this period, the empire building reached a climax, Florida, Oregon and the Mexican American war to the United States territory of rapid expansion, while the development of the western territory of the United States also opened the process. Relationship between the nation and the Empire during this period. Includes: internal contradictions of nation began to produce, and can ease tensions through territorial expansion in New Territories is produced. And the new state of what The membership of the Federation has gradually become the focus of the north and South differences.
The sixth chapter from the slavery abolition debate, and the collapse of Civil War of the two party system and the new party and the end of the outbreak of crisis from the nation to outline the differentiation process from disintegration to rebirth. While the empire building produced a new trend in this period, the Empire came to an end in this period in the analysis of nation-state and Empire relations, identity the western territories finally became the South and north sides of the irreconcilable contradiction between the nodes, and ultimately led to the civil war. And the federal spare no effort in rescuing the nation state, and continue to adhere to the Empire during the war and Postwar Policy.
The conclusion part summarizes the three characteristics of national construction and the construction of the Empire: 1, national construction and Empire construction are two important clues to the early history of the United States; 2, national construction and the construction of a stage of the same empire; 3, national construction and empire building has a promote and restrict the interaction.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D771.2;K712.4

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