本文關(guān)鍵詞： 城市化 工業(yè)化 市民娛樂 大眾文化 移民　出處：《河南大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 紐約市是世界著名的文化中心和娛樂天堂,紐約文化和娛樂的興盛和發(fā)展也是幾百年積淀的結(jié)果,尤其是19世紀(jì)中后期紐約工業(yè)化和城市化的結(jié)果。所以研究這一時(shí)段紐約的娛樂變化,有利于我們了解城市化和工業(yè)化時(shí)期,美國大都市生活方式的變化和美國文化調(diào)整和革新。 1624年荷蘭人決定向新發(fā)現(xiàn)的北美大陸移民,建立了新尼德蘭殖民地,新阿姆斯特丹——即后來的紐約市——是這個(gè)殖民地的首府。在荷蘭人的統(tǒng)治下,新阿姆斯特丹的城市娛樂具有明顯的荷蘭特色,又染上了新阿姆斯特丹的放縱色彩,新阿姆斯特丹人喜歡喝酒、滑冰、游船等。新阿姆斯特丹黑人娛樂也具有典型的荷蘭特色,并把這一特色保存到英國殖民地時(shí)期。 1664年新阿姆斯特丹成為英國的殖民地,更名為紐約。紐約積極從事商業(yè)走私和航海貿(mào)易,支持英國的爭霸戰(zhàn)爭,極大的增加了紐約商人的財(cái)富。紐約人積極學(xué)習(xí)倫敦,要求在生活上更加文明和優(yōu)雅,這包括娛樂文化。所以,紐約人先后從英國引進(jìn)了一系列的英國流行娛樂,如獵狐、賽馬、戲院等。 1783年紐約從政治上與英國相脫離,但在娛樂文化上并不排斥英國特色,并且繼續(xù)模仿英國的流行時(shí)尚,如歡樂公園。隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展,紐約的娛樂文化也越來越本土化,越來越具有美國特色,甚至是紐約特色,如19世紀(jì)上半期誕生的稀奇博物館、吟唱表演等。然而隨著紐約娛樂業(yè)的成熟,各個(gè)階層產(chǎn)生了不同的娛樂文化需求,從而導(dǎo)致了紐約市階層矛盾的緊張,并且產(chǎn)生了紐約的貴族和共和主義是否相容的問題。19世紀(jì)前期愛爾蘭和德國籍移民也大量擁進(jìn)美國,這些移民在對美國文化的認(rèn)同時(shí),也力求保存本民族的文化特色。但事實(shí)證明了這一時(shí)期移民建立起屬于自己本族特色的文化是困難的。 19世紀(jì)中后期的紐約和整個(gè)美國一樣,工業(yè)化和城市化交織進(jìn)行,紐約經(jīng)歷了巨大的變化,包括娛樂文化的改變。娛樂人群擴(kuò)大了、娛樂形式廣泛化和娛樂內(nèi)容多樣化。19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初,女性和移民開始加入娛樂大軍。另一方面,紐約娛樂更加具有包容性。針對這一時(shí)期廣泛出現(xiàn)的移民文化,紐約的主流文化也開始進(jìn)行吸納和融合,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了移民文化對美國主流文化的認(rèn)同,增強(qiáng)了社會(huì)穩(wěn)定性。這一時(shí)期紐約娛樂業(yè)產(chǎn)生了各種問題,不過這些問題并不是這一時(shí)期產(chǎn)生的,而是百年傳遞下來的結(jié)果。 19世紀(jì)后期紐約娛樂文化變更的原因是多方面的,既有快速城市化的因素,如住房條件和環(huán)境的變更,也有工業(yè)化刺激的因素,如因工業(yè)化帶來的部分女性的經(jīng)濟(jì)自由,更有移民的因素,是多個(gè)因素相互作贏得結(jié)果,但最根本的是經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換帶了的社會(huì)財(cái)富的增長。
[Abstract]:New York City is a world-famous cultural center and entertainment paradise. The prosperity and development of New York's culture and entertainment is also the result of hundreds of years of accumulation. Especially in 19th century, the results of industrialization and urbanization in New York. Therefore, the study of the entertainment changes in New York during this period is helpful for us to understand the urbanization and industrialization period. The changes in American metropolitan lifestyle and the adjustment and innovation of American culture. In 1624, the Dutch decided to emigrate to the newly discovered continent of North America and established the New Niederland colony, the capital of the colony, New Amsterdam-later New York City-under Dutch rule. New Amsterdam's urban entertainment has an obvious Dutch character, but also the color of New Amsterdam's indulgence, New Amsterdam people like to drink, skating. New Amsterdam Black Entertainment also has a typical Dutch character, which was preserved in the British colonial period. In 1664, New Amsterdam became a British colony, renamed New York, which actively engaged in commercial smuggling and navigation, and supported the British hegemony war. It greatly increased the wealth of New York businessmen. New Yorkers actively studied London, demanding a more civilized and elegant life, including entertainment culture. New Yorkers have introduced a series of popular British entertainment from England, such as fox hunting, horse racing, theatres, etc. In 1783, New York was politically divorced from Britain, but did not reject British characteristics in its entertainment culture, and continued to emulate British fashion, such as Happy Park, with the development of the times. New York's entertainment culture is also becoming more and more local, with more and more American characteristics, even New York characteristics, such as the first half of 19th century birth of rare museums, singing performances, etc. However, as the New York entertainment industry matures. Different classes have different entertainment cultural needs, resulting in tension between the New York City class. And the question of whether New York's aristocrats and republicanism are compatible. In the early 19th century Irish and German immigrants also poured into the United States, these immigrants in the recognition of American culture. But the fact proved that it was difficult for immigrants to establish their own culture. In 19th century, New York, like the entire United States, was intertwined with industrialization and urbanization. New York underwent tremendous changes, including changes in entertainment culture. The entertainment population expanded. Extensive forms of entertainment and diversification of entertainment content. At the end of the 19th century and early 20th century, women and immigrants began to join the entertainment army. On the other hand. Entertainment in New York is more inclusive. In view of the immigrant culture which appeared widely in this period, the mainstream culture of New York also began to absorb and integrate, thus realizing the identity of immigrant culture to the mainstream culture of the United States. This period created problems in the entertainment industry in New York, but these problems were not the result of this period, but the result of centuries passed down. In 19th century, the reasons for the change of entertainment culture in New York were various, including the factors of rapid urbanization, such as the change of housing conditions and environment, and the factors of stimulating industrialization. For example, the economic freedom of some women brought about by industrialization and the factors of emigration are the result of many factors winning each other, but the most fundamental factor is the increase of social wealth brought about by the transformation of economic structure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K712.44

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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本文編號：1480227