本文關(guān)鍵詞： 普魯塔克 《來(lái)庫(kù)古傳》 來(lái)庫(kù)古改革　出處：《東北師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：來(lái)庫(kù)古改革在古代斯巴達(dá)歷史上具有重要意義,傳說(shuō)來(lái)庫(kù)古為斯巴達(dá)制定了良法((?)),其中包括一套完整的政制。來(lái)庫(kù)古改革基本決定了城邦未來(lái)的發(fā)展方向,為斯巴達(dá)發(fā)展成為軍事強(qiáng)國(guó)、稱(chēng)霸希臘奠定了基礎(chǔ)。但是古代著作家關(guān)于立法者來(lái)庫(kù)古以及改革內(nèi)容的記載眾說(shuō)紛紜,現(xiàn)代史家對(duì)此也一直爭(zhēng)議不斷。在古代著作中,普魯塔克的《來(lái)庫(kù)古傳》是最全面、最詳細(xì)記載來(lái)庫(kù)古改革的文獻(xiàn)。 本文試圖以普魯塔克的《來(lái)庫(kù)古傳》為主要依據(jù)討論來(lái)庫(kù)古改革的舉措及其影響,全文主要分為三個(gè)部分。 第一部分首先介紹普魯塔克《傳記集》的整體特點(diǎn)；然后分析普魯塔克對(duì)來(lái)庫(kù)古改革的調(diào)查研究,通過(guò)與希羅多德、修昔底德和色諾芬等古代著作家的記述對(duì)比,探討普魯塔克記載的優(yōu)越性；最后重點(diǎn)分析普魯塔克撰寫(xiě)《來(lái)庫(kù)古傳》的歷史背景、材料來(lái)源以及普魯塔克對(duì)來(lái)庫(kù)古改革的評(píng)價(jià)。 第二部分主要分析來(lái)庫(kù)古改革的內(nèi)容。首先介紹斯巴達(dá)以及整個(gè)希臘世界當(dāng)時(shí)的歷史背景,分析改革的指導(dǎo)性文獻(xiàn)神諭“瑞特拉”及其增補(bǔ)條款；“來(lái)庫(kù)古的斯巴達(dá)政制”是指以來(lái)庫(kù)古制定的法律為基本框架的一套完整的政制,包含兩部分內(nèi)容,一是來(lái)庫(kù)古改革時(shí)制定的法律,二是被歸于來(lái)庫(kù)古名下的后人進(jìn)行的改革。這一部分將分別對(duì)二者進(jìn)行討論,詳細(xì)解讀“來(lái)庫(kù)古的斯巴達(dá)政制”在政治、教育、軍事、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)方面的舉措及其執(zhí)行情況。 第三部分探究來(lái)庫(kù)古改革的影響。來(lái)庫(kù)古改革的政治舉措實(shí)現(xiàn)了統(tǒng)治階層內(nèi)部各機(jī)構(gòu)的權(quán)力平衡,維護(hù)了城邦的政治穩(wěn)定；在軍事方面,全民皆兵的訓(xùn)練增強(qiáng)了城邦的戰(zhàn)斗力,絕對(duì)服從的意識(shí)增強(qiáng)了公民的凝聚力；在教育方面的改革培養(yǎng)了斯巴達(dá)公民堅(jiān)毅果敢的性格和忠誠(chéng)樸素的品行。來(lái)庫(kù)古改革的一些列措施之間相輔相成,最終使斯巴達(dá)一步步走向希臘霸主的地位。當(dāng)然改革也帶來(lái)了一些問(wèn)題,比如造成了斯巴達(dá)的野蠻閉塞,文化落后等,但從整個(gè)斯巴達(dá)歷史來(lái)看,來(lái)庫(kù)古改革的積極意義要遠(yuǎn)大于消極意義。
[Abstract]:The reform of Laikuku was of great significance in the history of ancient Sparta. Legend has it that Kucu worked out a good law for Sparta? The reform of Laikuku basically determined the future development direction of the city-state and became a military power for Sparta. To dominate Greece laid the foundation. But ancient writers about legislators to Kugu and the content of the reform of the record, modern historians have been controversial. In the ancient works. Plutarch's Legacy is the most comprehensive and detailed account of the Reformation. Based on Plutarch's Legco Biography, this paper attempts to discuss the measures of Laikuku reform and its influence, which is divided into three parts. The first part introduces the overall characteristics of Plutarch's Biography. Then it analyzes Plutarch's investigation and research on the reform of Lekuku, and probes into the superiority of Plutarch by comparing with the ancient writers such as Herodotus, Thucydides and Xenophen. In the end, the historical background of Plutarch's Biography of Laikuku, the sources of materials and his evaluation of the reform of Laikuku are analyzed. The second part mainly analyzes the content of the reform to Kugu. Firstly, it introduces the historical background of Sparta and the whole Greek world at that time, and analyzes the guiding document of the reform, "Ritra" and its supplementary clauses. "the Sparta system of Laikuku" refers to a set of complete political systems with the basic framework of the laws enacted by Kugu, which contains two parts, one is the law enacted during the reform of Kugu. This part will discuss the two in detail, and explain in detail the political, educational and military aspects of the political, educational and military aspects of the Sparta system. Economic and social initiatives and their implementation The third part probes into the influence of the reform of Laikuku. The political measures of the reform of Laikuku have realized the balance of power among the institutions of the ruling class and maintained the political stability of the city-state. In the military aspect, the training of all the people strengthened the combat effectiveness of the city-state, and the consciousness of absolute obedience strengthened the cohesion of the citizens. Reforms in education have fostered Spartan citizens' character of determination and loyalty and simple conduct. Some of the measures in the Reformation of Kucougou complement each other. Of course, the reform also brought some problems, such as the barbaric obliteration of Sparta, cultural backwardness and so on, but from the whole history of Sparta. The positive significance of the reform of Laiku is far greater than the negative significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K125

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