本文關(guān)鍵詞： 德國 猶太婦女難民 兒童難民 英國 流亡　出處：《湖南師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：第二次世界大戰(zhàn)給人類文明、生活帶來了巨大的災(zāi)難,尤其是廣大的歐洲猶太人,更像是經(jīng)歷了一次人間煉獄。1933年,隨著德國政府頒布《重設(shè)公職人員法》,所有“非雅利安”血統(tǒng)的猶太人被清除出行政機構(gòu)。1935年的《紐倫堡法》剝奪了德國猶太人的帝國公民權(quán),使他們淪為二等公民,并被徹底地排除在文化教育事業(yè)之外。此外,《保護德意志血統(tǒng)與德意志榮譽法》還禁止猶太人與非猶太人通婚,已經(jīng)結(jié)合的婚姻宣布無效。猶太人在德國的生活越來越艱難,他們面臨來自這個國家各個角落的襲擊。這其中,作為社會弱勢群體的猶太婦女及兒童承受了比其他成年人更多的傷痛,他們的學(xué)習、生活、家庭都因為納粹掌權(quán)而發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。隨著納粹迫害的加重,猶太人在德國的生活日益危險,最終只能選擇移民來躲避納粹帶來的生命威脅。得益于英國政府對猶太難民的有限吸收政策,部分猶太婦女及兒童成功地進入英國避難。盡管他們在英國的生活并不是一帆風順的,甚至還承受了更多的苦難,但猶太婦女及兒童最終戰(zhàn)勝困難,成為了這場浩劫的幸存者,有的甚至永久定居英國。他們是避難的難民,是英國民眾的戰(zhàn)友,也是英國經(jīng)濟文化發(fā)展的推動者,對英國做出了重大貢獻。 本文以歷史唯物主義史觀為指導(dǎo),采取史論結(jié)合,理論聯(lián)系實際的方法,從移民前德國猶太婦女及兒童難民的生活狀況入手,以時間、事件發(fā)生的先后為順序,通過闡述和分析英國政府對猶太婦女及兒童難民的接納態(tài)度、猶太婦女及兒童難民在英國流亡、難民對英國的貢獻,客觀地反映猶太婦女及兒童難民在英國生活的各個方面�？v觀全文,猶太婦女及兒童難民在英國的流亡生活是本文論述的重點,本文將分為三個不同階段對此分別加以闡述。 通過分析,本文認為,盡管英國政府的難民政策存在一些詬病,其基本立足點是利己主義,但毫無疑問,英國對猶太難民的貢獻是值得肯定的。猶太婦女及兒童難民在英國的生活雖充滿曲折和磨難,但得益于英國的庇佑才使他們的生命得以延續(xù),這個意義是無法取代的。廣大難民在接受英國慷慨救助的同時也對英國的發(fā)展做出了不可磨滅的貢獻。直到今天,世界各國針對難民的制度仍舊不完善,在英國尋求庇護的兒童及婦女難民在教育、生活等方面還面臨許多困難仍舊沒有得到有效解決,人們應(yīng)該從歷史的發(fā)展中找尋經(jīng)驗,取長補短。
[Abstract]:World War II brought great disasters to human civilization and life, especially the vast number of European Jews, more like a human purgatory. 1933. With the enactment by the German Government of the Law on the Re-establishment of Public servants, all Jews of "non-Aryan" descent were removed from the administration. The Nuremberg Act of 1935 deprived German Jews of their imperial citizenship. They became second-class citizens and were completely excluded from cultural and educational undertakings. In addition, the Act on the Protection of German Descent and German Honor also prohibits the intermarriage of Jews and non-Jews. Married marriages have been declared null and void. Jews are facing attacks from all corners of the country as life in Germany becomes increasingly difficult. Jewish women and children, as vulnerable groups in society, suffer more pain than other adults in their studies and lives. Families have changed dramatically as a result of Nazi rule. With the increase in Nazi persecution, Jewish life in Germany has become increasingly dangerous. In the end, immigrants had to choose to avoid the threat of life posed by the Nazis, thanks to the British government's limited policy of absorbing Jewish refugees. Some Jewish women and children succeeded in taking refuge in Britain. Although their lives in Britain were not smooth and even more suffering, Jewish women and children finally overcome the difficulties. They became survivors of the disaster, and some settled permanently in Britain. They were refugees who had taken refuge, were fellow soldiers of the British people, and were the agents of British economic and cultural development, and had made a great contribution to the United Kingdom. Under the guidance of historical materialism, this paper combines historical theory with practice, starting with the living conditions of the former German Jewish women and children, and taking time as the starting point. The events occurred in order, through the elaboration and analysis of the British Government's attitude towards Jewish women and children refugees, Jewish women and children refugees in exile in the United Kingdom, refugees' contribution to the United Kingdom. Objectively reflects all aspects of the life of Jewish women and children refugees in Britain. Throughout the paper, the exiled life of Jewish women and children refugees in Britain is the focus of this paper. This article will be divided into three different stages to elaborate on this. Through the analysis, this paper believes that although the British Government's refugee policy has some criticism, its basic foothold is egoism, but there is no doubt. Britain's contribution to Jewish refugees is commendable. Although the life of Jewish women and children refugees in England is full of twists and turns, but thanks to the protection of the United Kingdom to enable their lives to continue. There is no substitute for this meaning. The vast number of refugees have made indelible contributions to the development of Britain while receiving generous aid from the United Kingdom. To this day, the system for refugees in various countries of the world is still imperfect. Children and refugee women who seek asylum in Britain still face many difficulties in education and life. People should seek experience from the development of history and learn from each other.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K516

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前7條

1 王本立;對1290年英國驅(qū)猶事件的權(quán)威解讀——《英國猶太人的瓦解》評介[J];世界歷史;2001年04期

2 倪學(xué)德;戰(zhàn)后初期英國在巴勒斯坦問題上的政策選擇及其得失[J];遼寧大學(xué)學(xué)報(哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版);2005年02期

3 徐建新;淺析英國對猶太復(fù)國主義運動的政策演變[J];臨沂師范學(xué)院學(xué)報;2001年03期

4 鄧新裕;近千年來倫敦猶太社團的沉浮與滄桑[J];史林;1997年04期

5 王本立;試析英國對猶太人的重新接納問題[J];蘇州科技學(xué)院學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2005年04期

6 余歡;;英國的德國知識難民1933-1945[J];文史博覽(理論);2010年07期

7 李工真;;納粹德國知識難民在英國的流亡[J];學(xué)海;2009年01期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 王小靜;1933-1948年英國猶太難民政策[D];陜西師范大學(xué);2009年

，

本文編號：1454455