本文關(guān)鍵詞： 國家科技政策 政府 科學(xué)技術(shù) 英國　出處：《蘇州科技學(xué)院》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：第一次工業(yè)革命以來,科學(xué)技術(shù)具有了重大的經(jīng)濟(jì)意義。政府與科技界出現(xiàn)了時常合作的局面。19世紀(jì)后期,社會的進(jìn)步已從經(jīng)濟(jì)競爭轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橹橇Ω偁?而此時政府對科學(xué)技術(shù)抱以冷淡的態(tài)度,兩者之間矛盾沖突不斷。“科學(xué)改革”的失敗使英國錯過了關(guān)鍵的歷史時機(jī)。20世紀(jì)初期,科技和教育界人士再次聯(lián)合起來要求國家迅速扭轉(zhuǎn)科技和教育的不利局面。一戰(zhàn)使英國損失慘重,政府也逐步的認(rèn)識到忽視科學(xué)技術(shù)給國家命運(yùn)帶來的嚴(yán)重?fù)p害。幾經(jīng)曲折,英國才形成正式的國家科技政策。 一戰(zhàn)后,英國政府采取一系列有利于科技和教育發(fā)展的措施,有所成就,但也碰到很多困難。一戰(zhàn)后二戰(zhàn)前的國家科技政策是成就與失敗共存的“勝利與悲劇”。二戰(zhàn)后國家科技政策已成為重要的國家政策之一,有了深入的發(fā)展。二戰(zhàn)后初期,國家尚有將科技力量用于國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的方向。但1950年代初,隨著“冷戰(zhàn)”趨勢的出現(xiàn),世界局勢日趨緊張。英國將國家科技政策明顯傾向重視軍事。英國繼“科學(xué)改革”之后再次失去重大的歷史時機(jī),鑄成大錯。 1950年代中期以來,科學(xué)問題已經(jīng)成為英國整個社會關(guān)注的重大問題,“科學(xué)革命的烈火”在英國社會燃起。英國全社會都對國家科技政策產(chǎn)生質(zhì)疑甚至對其完全否定。但此時隨著國家科技政策的政治化,歷屆政府雖在社會的壓力下進(jìn)行過多次政策調(diào)整,但都未取得良好的效果。 政府與科技界之間的關(guān)系跌宕起伏,在合作中摩擦與矛盾不斷。而如此曲折的關(guān)系是多種因素影響的結(jié)果。政府與科技界之間真正的力量來自于相互理解與合作。
[Abstract]:Since the first Industrial Revolution, science and technology have had great economic significance. The government and the scientific and technological circles have often cooperated. In the late 19th century, social progress has changed from economic competition to intellectual competition. At this time, the government held a cool attitude towards science and technology, and the conflict between the two was constant. The failure of the "scientific reform" made Britain miss the crucial historical opportunity in the early 20th century. Once again, the scientific and educational circles United to demand that the country quickly reverse the adverse situation of science, technology and education. The first World War caused great losses to Britain. The government also gradually realized that ignoring science and technology brought serious damage to the national fate. After several twists and turns, the United Kingdom formed a formal national science and technology policy. After the first World War, the British government took a series of measures to promote the development of science and technology and education, and made some achievements. However, there are many difficulties. The national science and technology policy before the first World War is the "victory and tragedy" of the coexistence of achievements and failures. After World War II, the national science and technology policy has become one of the important national policies. In the early years after World War II, the state still used the power of science and technology in the direction of domestic economic construction. But in the early 1950s, with the emergence of the "Cold War" trend. The world situation is becoming more and more tense. Britain is obviously inclined to attach importance to the military in its national science and technology policy. After the "scientific reform," Britain has once again lost its great historical opportunity and made a big mistake. Since the mid-1950s, scientific issues have become a major concern of the entire British society. "the fire of the scientific revolution" was ignited in the British society. The whole society of Britain questioned the national science and technology policy and even completely denied it. However, with the politicization of the national science and technology policy at this time. Successive governments have made many policy adjustments under social pressure, but have not achieved good results. The relationship between the government and the scientific and technological community has fluctuated. Friction and contradiction continue in cooperation. Such a tortuous relationship is the result of many factors. The real power between government and science and technology comes from mutual understanding and cooperation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州科技學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K561.4

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