本文關(guān)鍵詞：西方哲學(xué)中的主體思想和毛澤東的主體觀，，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

西方哲學(xué)中的主體思想和毛澤東的主體觀

西方哲學(xué)中的主體思想和毛澤東的主體觀

主體的研究,自古是哲學(xué)研究的基本不足之一。古希臘從自然哲學(xué)開始,經(jīng)過了主體的漸漸覺醒,最終認(rèn)識(shí)到人在已知世界中的主導(dǎo)地位。西方哲學(xué)關(guān)于主體的研究經(jīng)歷了幾個(gè)不同的時(shí)期：古希臘哲學(xué),是主體性尚未覺醒的時(shí)期。中世紀(jì)是哲學(xué)的黑暗時(shí)期,神性代替了全部的人性。文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期,恢復(fù)了人的地位。近代哲學(xué)高舉理性的旗幟：作為理性的起點(diǎn)和終點(diǎn)有一個(gè)“自我”,笛卡爾的“我思故我在”、康德那個(gè)先驗(yàn)的“我”、甚至黑格爾的絕對(duì)自我,都是在從理性的角度來為世界尋求解釋�？档碌母绨啄岣锩�,正是從以往的關(guān)注客體到關(guān)注主體的轉(zhuǎn)變。馬克思主義隸屬于西方哲學(xué)的傳統(tǒng),但又與其相區(qū)別,馬克思通過自己的經(jīng)歷與認(rèn)識(shí),形成了一個(gè)以實(shí)踐的人為基礎(chǔ)的龐大的哲學(xué)體系。這正是成熟時(shí)期毛澤東思想的主要來源。毛澤東思想處在整個(gè)哲學(xué)的大流變中,同時(shí)也是歷史的真實(shí)寫照。中華民族的革命斗爭在反帝與反封建之間風(fēng)生水起。在國際環(huán)境中,毛澤東思想繼承了馬克思主義關(guān)于共產(chǎn)主義思想的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng),構(gòu)成了其思想的主體。同時(shí),生活在積貧積弱、社會(huì)矛盾重重的舊中國,毛澤東思想不可避開的受到了中國傳統(tǒng)思想以及救國圖存,許多激進(jìn)思想的影響。在青年毛澤東時(shí)期,他的思想深受中國傳統(tǒng)哲學(xué)的影響,尤其是宋明理學(xué),包含著強(qiáng)烈的唯心主義成分。青年時(shí)期的毛澤東思想并非始終如一,其中有一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)變,最初毛澤東思想以“無我論”為主,后來逐漸傾向“唯我論”。而事實(shí)上,無我論和唯我論最后在毛澤東那里得到了調(diào)節(jié)。在精神上,他認(rèn)為人的天性是由宇宙真理所賦予,而在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中,秉承天理的每個(gè)個(gè)人,才是組成社會(huì)的基本碩博在線論文網(wǎng)素。1920年,毛澤東逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變成一個(gè)馬克思主義者。在思想上,也無疑是一次顛覆性的巨變。他拋棄了以前的唯心主義觀點(diǎn),在理論和實(shí)踐上接受了唯物辯證法。他的主體觀簡言之：人是世界的主體。但在認(rèn)識(shí)和改造客觀世界的時(shí)候,也必須受到客體的限制。這是典型的馬克思主義的主體觀。

【Abstract】 The research of juche has always been one of the fundamental problems in the study of philosophy. From the beginning of the natural philosophy and the awakening of the juche, Greeks finally realized that peoples are in the leading position??in the known world. The study of juche in western philosophy has gone through several distinct periods:Greek philosophy, period of unawakening juche. Medieval, period of eht philosophy dark days, the divine instead of all humanity. Renaaissance, period of restoring the rank of people. Modern philosophy, upraised the flag of rationalism: there has a "selfhood" as the starting point and end point of rationalism, Descartes’"I think,therefor,I exist", Kant’s??das transzendentale Ichall, even Hegel’s absolute self, are perspective from a rational explanation for the seek of world. Kant’s Copernican revolution, is the transform from concerned about the object to in past to concerned about the main.Marxist is under the tradition of western pholosophy but still has difference with it. Marx formed a large philosophy system based on the practice people through his own experience and unserstanding. This is the main sourse of Mao Zedong Thought in the mature stage.Mao Zedong Thought is in the changing of the entire philosophy, but also the ture portrayal of history.The revolutionary struggle of the chinese nation turns out a prestigious institution between the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal. Mao Zedong Thought inherited the fine tradition of the Marxism on the communist ideology in an international environment and constitute the main body of his thought. Simultaneously, it is inevitably affected by the traditional chinese thought and salvation and many radical ideas in the poor and social contradictions of old China. In the period of yound Mao Zedong, his thought deeply suffered in the influence of Chinese traditional philosophy, especially Neo-Confucianism, contains strong elements of idealism. Mao Zedong Thought in the young is not consistent and have a change, primely it was??mainly "non-self, afterwards it was、trending to "solipsism". In fact, non-self and solipsism are adjusted in Mao Zedong at last. In spirit, he believes that human nature is given by the truth of the universe, but in real life, each individual upholded justice, is composed the basic elements of social. In 1920, Mao Zedong gradually transformed into a Marxist. In terms of ideology, it is undoubtedly a disruptive changes. He abandoned the idealism of the previous view, and accepted the materialist dialectics in theory and practice. Short of his main concept:People is the main body of the world. But it must also be restricted by the object in the time of understanding and transforming the objective world. This is typically the subject view of Marxism.

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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：西方哲學(xué)中的主體思想和毛澤東的主體觀，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。