中美兩國(guó)在對(duì)方全國(guó)民調(diào)中的形象研究
本文關(guān)鍵詞:中美兩國(guó)在對(duì)方全國(guó)民調(diào)中的形象研究
更多相關(guān)文章: 國(guó)家形象 公眾態(tài)度 全國(guó)民調(diào) 外交政策 中美關(guān)系
【摘要】:國(guó)家形象是“國(guó)際社會(huì)公眾對(duì)一國(guó)相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的總體評(píng)價(jià)”。在一定程度上,一國(guó)對(duì)另一國(guó)的形象判斷決定了其對(duì)另一國(guó)外交政策的制定和執(zhí)行,而一國(guó)公眾對(duì)另一國(guó)的態(tài)度/看法可以影響該國(guó)政府對(duì)另一國(guó)的形象判斷,因此,了解和研究一國(guó)公眾對(duì)另一國(guó)的態(tài)度/看法具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 在當(dāng)今世界眾多的雙邊關(guān)系中,中美關(guān)系可能是最重要的雙邊關(guān)系之一,而一直以來中美關(guān)系又是起伏不定的,因此了解并分析中美兩國(guó)公眾對(duì)對(duì)方的態(tài)度/看法,考察中國(guó)公眾的美國(guó)觀和美國(guó)公眾的中國(guó)觀,即中國(guó)人心目中的美國(guó)形象和美國(guó)人心目中的中國(guó)形象,并進(jìn)而分析公眾態(tài)度/看法與中美兩國(guó)形象之間的關(guān)系,對(duì)中美兩國(guó)及世界都具有十分重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文以2005-2013年英國(guó)廣播公司國(guó)際部“國(guó)家排名調(diào)查”、皮尤調(diào)查中心“全球態(tài)度項(xiàng)目”、百人會(huì)、環(huán)球時(shí)報(bào)、中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院美國(guó)研究所的全國(guó)性民意調(diào)查為主要研究對(duì)象,通過分析對(duì)比調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)、調(diào)查問卷的時(shí)間、問題、相互之間的異同、客觀性等,試圖了解并分析中美兩國(guó)公眾對(duì)對(duì)方的態(tài)度/看法,考察中美兩國(guó)在對(duì)方全國(guó)民調(diào)中的形象以及該形象的來源,并進(jìn)而分析態(tài)度/看法與中美兩國(guó)外交政策之間的關(guān)系。此外,論文還探討了不同的民意調(diào)查得出中美兩國(guó)在對(duì)方全國(guó)民調(diào)中不同形象的原因。 本文使用的研究方法是以調(diào)查為基礎(chǔ)的研究,更確切的說,是以全國(guó)民調(diào)為基礎(chǔ)的研究。在研究過程中,本文同時(shí)使用的定量和定性分析的方法。定量分析主要側(cè)重分析和對(duì)比調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),定性分析主要側(cè)重問卷問題的設(shè)計(jì)和詞匯色彩。定量分析發(fā)現(xiàn)中國(guó)的美國(guó)形象和美國(guó)的中國(guó)形象差不多,正面觀點(diǎn)基本都在40%到50%之間浮動(dòng)。但是總體而言,中國(guó)人眼中的美國(guó)形象更容易受到特殊事件的影響,也更加負(fù)面一些。 通過分析發(fā)現(xiàn),與多數(shù)學(xué)者認(rèn)為的中國(guó)人對(duì)美國(guó)和美國(guó)人的印象有區(qū)別,中國(guó)人對(duì)美國(guó)和美國(guó)人的印象是一致的。此外,不論是中國(guó)人看美國(guó),還是美國(guó)人看中國(guó),都表現(xiàn)出一種亦褒亦貶的矛盾。 論文還對(duì)中美兩國(guó)公眾對(duì)美中兩國(guó)整體的好惡感,以及好惡感的來源進(jìn)行了探討。 最后,論文對(duì)決策者給出了自己的建議。
【關(guān)鍵詞】:國(guó)家形象 公眾態(tài)度 全國(guó)民調(diào) 外交政策 中美關(guān)系
【學(xué)位授予單位】:北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號(hào)】:D822.3;D871.2
【目錄】:
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS5-6
- 摘要6-7
- ABSTRACT7-9
- TABLE OF CONTENTS9-12
- List of Tables12-13
- List of Figures13-15
- Chapter Ⅰ Introduction15-35
- 1.1 Defining the Relevant Concepts15-16
- 1.2 Significance of the Study16-17
- 1.3 National Image, Public Opinion, and National Polls17-22
- 1.3.1 The Importance of National Image17-18
- 1.3.2 The Importance of Public Opinion18-20
- 1.3.3 The Importance of Public Opinion Polls and National Polls20-22
- 1.3.3.1 The Importance of Public Opinion Polls20-21
- 1.3.3.2 The Importance of National Polls21-22
- 1.4 Literature Review22-26
- 1.4.1 Previous Studies of American Public Image of China and the Chinese People22-24
- 1.4.2 Previous Studies of Chinese Public Image of the U.S. and the American People24-26
- 1.5 Methodology for the Analysis26-33
- 1.5.1 Criteria for the Selection of the Sample National Polls26-27
- 1.5.2 Sample National Polls27-32
- 1.5.2.1 BBC World Service Country Rating Poll27-28
- 1.5.2.2 Pew Global Attitudes Project28-29
- 1.5.2.3 Committee of 10029-30
- 1.5.2.4 Global Times30-31
- 1.5.2.5 The Institute of American Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences31-32
- 1.5.3 Sample of Time32-33
- 1.5.4 Method of Study33
- 1.6 Research Questions33
- 1.7 Thesis Structure33-35
- Chapter Ⅱ Chinese Public Image of the U.S. and the American People35-59
- 2.1 General Views of the U.S35-52
- 2.1.1 American Public Views of the U.S35-40
- 2.1.2 Chinese Public Views of the U.S40-44
- 2.1.2.1 IAS40-41
- 2.1.2.2 C-10041-42
- 2.1.2.3 BBC42-43
- 2.1.2.4 Pew43-44
- 2.1.3 The World Public Views of the U.S44-46
- 2.1.4 Findings46-52
- 2.1.4.1 Chinese Public View of the U.S. Generally Negative, But Not So Negative46-47
- 2.1.4.2 Chinese Public View of the U.S. in Pew Consistent with That of the World in BBC47-48
- 2.1.4.3 Chinese Public View of the U.S. is Best in 2010 (The Sources of Positive Views)48-50
- 2.1.4.4 Chinese Public View of the U.S. is Worst in 2007 and 2013 (The Sources of Negative Views)50-52
- 2.2 General Views of the American People52-59
- 2.2.1 Americans' Self-Image52-53
- 2.2.2 Chinese Public Views of the American People53-56
- 2.2.3 The World Public Views of the American People56-57
- 2.2.4 Findings57-59
- 2.2.4.1 Chinese Public Image of the American People is Remarkably Consistent with Chinese Public Image of the U.S57-59
- Chapter Ⅲ American Public Image of China and the Chinese People59-76
- 3.1 General Views of China59-71
- 3.1.1 Chinese Public View of China59-62
- 3.1.2 American Public View of China62-65
- 3.1.2.1 C-10062-63
- 3.1.2.2 Pew63-64
- 3.1.2.3 BBC64-65
- 3.1.3 The World Public Views of China65-67
- 3.1.4 Findings67-71
- 3.1.4.1 American Public View of China Generally More Positive than Negative67-68
- 3.1.4.2 American Public's Unfavorable View of China in Pew Consistent with That of the World in BBC68-69
- 3.1.4.3 American Public View of China is Best in 2006 and 2011 (The Sources of Positive Views)69-70
- 3.1.4.4 American Public View of China is Worst in 2008 and 2013 (The Sources of Negative Views)70-71
- 3.2 General Views of the Chinese People71-76
- 3.2.1 American Public Views of the Chinese People71-74
- 3.2.2 Findings74-76
- 3.2.2.1 American Public Associate Positive Traits with the Chinese People74-76
- Chapter Ⅳ Conclusions and Suggestions76-81
- 4.1 Conclusions76-77
- 4.1.1 American and Chinese Self-Image Both Positive76
- 4.1.2 Chinese Public Image of the U.S. and the American People Generally Negative. American Public Image of China and the Chinese People Generally Positive. U.S.-China Mutual Impression Basically Stable76-77
- 4.1.3 Sources of Negative Views77
- 4.2 Suggestions77-81
- Appendix A: Samples81-83
- Appendix B: Methodology83-86
- Bibliography86-89
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