非洲薩赫勒地區(qū)的武裝沖突:國際社會面臨的一個挑戰(zhàn)
發(fā)布時間:2017-08-19 08:20
本文關鍵詞:非洲薩赫勒地區(qū)的武裝沖突:國際社會面臨的一個挑戰(zhàn)
更多相關文章: 薩赫勒 武裝集團 沖突系統(tǒng) 恐怖主義 走私販賣 叛亂
【摘要】:馬里北部和薩赫勒地區(qū)的沖突正變得越來越復雜。盡管該地區(qū)曾經(jīng)被視作貿(mào)易重鎮(zhèn),但是現(xiàn)在該地區(qū)諸如販毒,西非和北非向歐洲的武器販運和非法移民。由于該地區(qū)地域廣袤,動蕩不安,沒有一個薩赫勒地區(qū)的國家能夠完全控制其領土。這種態(tài)勢使得該地區(qū)成為了法律的真空區(qū),缺乏足夠的安全武裝力量,因此該地區(qū)對于恐怖分子具有極大的吸引力。受益于2012年馬里圖阿格雷部落發(fā)起的抗議活動和利比亞危機,伊斯蘭馬格里布地區(qū)的基地組織和它的恐怖主義分支得以在薩赫勒地區(qū)尤其是馬里北部避難,并進行非法走私,販賣人口活動。近年來,伊斯蘭馬格里布地區(qū)的基地組織不僅在北非,而且在薩赫勒以及西部非洲散播。所有的這些武裝集團從安全、經(jīng)濟、社會和環(huán)境方面對于該地區(qū)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展構(gòu)成了極大的威脅。盡管法國和國際軍事干預使得馬里得以重新保持領土完整,并縮小了恐怖分子和極端組織在馬里北部自由活動的空間,馬里得到了一定的發(fā)展,但是薩赫勒—撒哈拉地帶仍然是深受(尤其是政府無法控制的武裝集團發(fā)起的)潛在武裝沖突和武裝攻擊爆發(fā)的影響。盡管在地區(qū)和國家層次中有著具體的語境,這些因素以及這些不穩(wěn)定的來源是潛在的相互依存的動力,共同成為了一個真正的具有地區(qū)、國家、次區(qū)域、區(qū)域以及國際影響的“沖突系統(tǒng)”。軍隊和文職專家提供的該地區(qū)的現(xiàn)有的武裝集團的相關數(shù)據(jù)對于本文來說是一個重要的補充。本文旨在研究薩赫勒地區(qū)安全挑戰(zhàn)的主要的內(nèi)因和外因,探索在馬里北部地區(qū)混亂的內(nèi)部因素和外部因素,為整個地區(qū)的安全與地區(qū)發(fā)展提供新的視角。這些事跡表格簡明扼要描述了控制了薩赫勒地區(qū)尤其是馬里北部地區(qū)的活躍的武裝集團(伊斯蘭衛(wèi)士、伊斯蘭馬格里布地區(qū)的基地組織、博科圣地、以及武裝分裂集團,如MNLA HCUA、MAA等、親政府組織GATIA……)的歷史和思想的基礎、目標、運行模式以及運行程序。為了避免對于薩赫勒地區(qū)的誤解,本文將地理和地緣戰(zhàn)略輪廓意義上的薩赫勒定義為該地區(qū)的非洲聯(lián)盟?梢詫⒃摰貐^(qū)劃分為兩大部分。第一部分是地理范圍的劃分,薩赫勒—撒哈拉地區(qū)包括所有位于薩赫勒地帶,北非和撒哈拉以南非洲之間的國家:阿爾及利亞、布基納法索、乍得、利比亞、馬里、毛里塔尼亞、尼日爾以及蘇丹。第二部分是指非薩赫勒地區(qū)但值得特別關注的國家:科特迪瓦、幾內(nèi)亞、幾內(nèi)亞比紹、尼日利亞和塞內(nèi)加爾,這些國家都為西非國家。
【關鍵詞】:薩赫勒 武裝集團 沖突系統(tǒng) 恐怖主義 走私販賣 叛亂
【學位授予單位】:華中師范大學
【學位級別】:博士
【學位授予年份】:2016
【分類號】:D815
【目錄】:
- Abstract6-8
- 摘要8-9
- List of Acronyms and Abbreviations9-12
- Acknowledgements12-17
- Introduction17-28
- CHAPTER Ⅰ:Background and forms of activities causing armed conflicts in the Sabel area28-46
- 1.1. Background28-34
- 1.1.1. Case of Mali28-29
- 1.1.2. Tuareg issue29-32
- 1.1.3. Sahel Issue32-34
- 1.2. Forms and main activities causing armed conflict in the Sahel34-46
- 1.2.1. Drug trafficking35-38
- 1.2.2. Arms trafficking38-42
- 1.2.3. Terrorism42-44
- 1.2.4. Human trafficking44-46
- CHAPTER Ⅱ:Tuareg rebellion46-82
- 2.1. Sources of Tuareg rebellion49-60
- 2.1.1. Tuareg rebellion,the result of colonial heritage:Resistance to Independance50-52
- 2.1.2. Tuareg rebellion,crystallized by Imperialist factors52-55
- 2.1.3. Culture Political and civic culture55-57
- 2.1.4. Motivation of Tuareg Rebellion57-58
- 2.1.5. Avoid amalgam58-60
- 2.2. Historical approach and analysis of Post-Independence Tuareg rebellion60-73
- 2.2.1. First Tuareg rebellion:196360-61
- 2.2.2. Second rebellion in Niger and Mali in 1990s61-62
- 2.2.3. The third rebellion:200662-63
- 2.2.4. Tuareg Rebellion in 2012 in Mali63-73
- 2.2.4.1. Beginning of MNLA offensive64-65
- 2.2.4.2. The growing power of MNLA65-66
- 2.2.4.3. The Libyan factor:Gaddafi and northern Mali-Niger66-67
- 2.2.4.4. The collapse of Gaddafi's regime67-69
- 2.2.4.5. Fusion of armed groups in the Sahel69-73
- 2.3. Main armed groups in northern Mali73-78
- 2.3.1. ANSAR Eddine73-74
- 2.3.2. Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa(MUJAO)74-75
- 2.3.3. High Council for the Unity of Azawad(Hcua)75-76
- 2.3.4. Pro-government groups:GATIA76-77
- 2.3.5. ARAB MOVEMENT OF AZAWAD(MAA)77-78
- 2.4. Actors and fighters of rebellions and armed groups78-80
- 2.5. The forward into rebellion80-82
- 2.5.1. Organization of rebellions80-81
- 2.5.2. The logistics81-82
- CHAPTER Ⅲ:Impacts of armed conflicts in the Sahel82-88
- 3.1. Political impact82-83
- 3.2. Environmental impact83-84
- 3.3. Impact on social life84-85
- 3.4. Cultural impact85-86
- 3.5. Impact on governance86-87
- 3.6. Economic impact87-88
- CHAPTER Ⅳ:French intervention in Mali and its impact on the Sahel88-97
- 4.1. French Offensive and the liberation of Mali88-92
- 4.2. The impact of the French intervention in the security situation in Mali92-93
- 4.3. New face of France and Malian humiliation93-95
- 4.4. The Weakness of Malian state or the reason of the strongest95-97
- 4.4.1. The MNLA,a pariah ally with bloodstained hands96-97
- CHAPTER Ⅴ:Causes of armed conflicts in the Sahel97-115
- 5.1. Political factors99-100
- 5.2. Economic factor100
- 5.3. Military factors100-101
- 5.4. Environmental factors101-102
- 5.5. Sociocultural factors102-103
- 5.6. Socioeconomic factors103-104
- 5.7. Religious factors104
- 5.8. Local and regional factors104-108
- 5.9. Imperialist factor108-115
- CHAPTER Ⅵ:Peacekeeping and security-development115-124
- 6.1. National initiatives115-116
- 6.1.1. Malian level115
- 6.1.2. Niger initiatives115-116
- 6.2. Sub-regional initiatives116-119
- 6.2.1. G5 Sabel117-119
- 6.3. Regional initiatives119-122
- 6.3.1. ECOWAS120
- 6.3.2. Approach of the European Union120-122
- 6.4. United Nations122-124
- Chapter Ⅶ:The reconstruction of damaged areas after-conflicts124-133
- 7.1. The reconstruction process by the African Union:AU/NEPAD Program124-126
- 7.2. The United Nations-reconstruction process126-127
- 7.3. What is it to build exactly?127-133
- 7.3.1. How to rebuild the state?128-129
- 7.3.2. Who rebuild the state?129
- 7.3.3. Fragmented or poisoned help?129-133
- CHAPTER Ⅷ:Suggestions133-146
- 8.1. International and multilateral level134-135
- 8.2. Regional and Sub regional level135-138
- 8.3. National level:this concerns Mali as well as Niger138-143
- 8.3.1. Peace and National reconciliation139-140
- 8.3.2. Security and Development140-143
- 8.4. Special Warning addressed to G5 Sahel (Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania and Niger)143-146
- CONCLUSION146-149
- MAPS149-154
- REFERENCES154-174
- BIBLIOGRAPHY174-181
本文編號:699639
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