發(fā)布時間：2018-05-03 02:22

  本文選題：南中國海 + 美國　； 參考：《吉林大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：南中國海一直以來是中國不可侵犯的神圣領土,且處于重要的戰(zhàn)略位置。近年來,由于發(fā)現(xiàn)南中國海蘊藏著豐富的石油、天然氣資源,周邊國家在已經(jīng)占領主權原本屬于中國的大部分島礁的基礎上,紛紛利用地理優(yōu)勢進行油氣資源的開采。其中部分國家以合作的形式將外部勢力引入到南中國海區(qū)域內(nèi),企圖增加中國政府對該海域行使主權的難度。這不但造成了現(xiàn)在復雜的局面,也使南中國海問題成為了當今重要的熱點問題。在解決南中國海問題的過程中,美國無疑是最具影響力的國家。到目前為止,美國依然擁有世界上最強的經(jīng)濟軍事實力,對南中國海局勢的影響舉足輕重。而美國的南中國海政策也隨著國際局勢和國家利益訴求的變化而發(fā)生著改變。 美國在南中國海地區(qū)活動的由來已久。美國早在十九世紀就開始在南中國海地區(qū)施加自身的影響力。從最早的開辟航道到占領菲律賓作為殖民地,都體現(xiàn)著美國與南中國海的淵源。二戰(zhàn)時期,美國將該地區(qū)用于遏制日本的擴張,并在該地區(qū)對日本法西斯的侵略進行了堅決的回擊。冷戰(zhàn)時期,美蘇兩大國在世界范圍內(nèi)展開了爭奪,這其中也包括南中國海地區(qū)。越戰(zhàn)以后,美國雖然在一段時期內(nèi)保持了守勢,但是仍同蘇聯(lián)在該地區(qū)展開緊張的對抗。期間,出于自身利益的考慮,美國對于中國的主權雖未給予明確肯定,但對周邊國家對于南中國海島礁的主權要求也沒有公開支持。在這一段時間內(nèi),美國的政策可以說是比較中立的。在冷戰(zhàn)結束后,隨著蘇聯(lián)解體和中國逐漸崛起,美國的政策開始變得積極起來,不斷同東盟國家舉行軍事演習,并保持在南中國海的軍事存在。同時,美國不斷加強與日本印度的聯(lián)系,以保持其在南中國海的主導地位。 當今,美國在全球范圍內(nèi)都擁有廣泛的利益。特別是在亞太地區(qū),美國擁有多個軍事盟友,并且其自身在此也擁有著重要的經(jīng)濟和政治利益。其中,遏制正在高速發(fā)展的中國,保持在南中國海航道的暢通以及維護該地區(qū)局勢的穩(wěn)定都被美國視為重要的國家利益。這些利益也是決定其政策走向的重要因素。此外,在南中國海區(qū)域內(nèi),美國、中國和東盟之間在爭取地區(qū)事務主導權的過程中,隨著各自力量的變化而發(fā)生了權力轉移與所扮演角色的變換。加之區(qū)域外的大國,如日本、印度、俄羅斯在參與該地區(qū)事務時對美國產(chǎn)生的影響,都左右著美國政策的變化。還要指出的是,美國在南中國海的行動受到各種制度條約的影響,這其中多數(shù)是有利于美國在該區(qū)域行動的。在對南中國海的話語表達中,美國也妄圖通過霸權話語,來掌握該地區(qū)話語的主導權。 在未來一段時期內(nèi),美國的南中國海政策將繼續(xù)維護其國家利益為核心,其中主要包括:保持在該地區(qū)的軍事存在,保證航道安全的同時防范中國崛起帶來的變化。顯然,美國的南中國海政策從整體上來講對中國是不利的。因此,中國也要出臺有效的政策來應對美國。
[Abstract]:The South China Sea has always been an inviolable sacred territory in China and is in an important strategic position. In recent years, the South China Sea has found rich oil and natural gas resources, and the surrounding countries have used geographical advantages to open oil and gas resources on the basis of the majority of the island reefs that have already occupied the sovereignty of China. Some countries have introduced the external forces into the South China Sea in the form of cooperation, trying to increase the difficulty of the Chinese government to exercise sovereignty over the sea area. This has not only caused the complex situation, but also made the South China Sea an important hot issue. In the process of solving the South China sea problem, the United States is doubtless It is the most influential country. So far, the United States still has the strongest economic and military power in the world and has a significant impact on the situation in the South China Sea, and the South China Sea Policy of the United States has changed with the changes in the international situation and the demands of national interests.
The United States has been active in the South China Sea for a long time. The United States began to exert its influence in the South China Sea as early as nineteenth Century. From the earliest opening of the channel to the occupation of Philippines as a colony, the United States reflected the origin of the United States and the South China Sea. During the Second World War, the United States used the region to contain Japan's expansion. In the cold war period, the two countries of the United States and the Soviet Union were competing in the world, including the South China Sea. After the Vietnam War, the United States remained conservative in the region for a period of time, but in the period of its own interest. The United States has not given a clear affirmation of its sovereignty over China, but there is no public support for the sovereignty of the neighboring countries on the sovereignty of the South China Sea Island reefs. The United States continued to strengthen its ties with India in the South China Sea to maintain its dominance in the South China Sea, as it continued to hold military exercises with ASEAN countries and maintained its military presence in the South China Sea.
Today, the United States has a wide range of interests around the world. Especially in the Asia Pacific region, the United States has many military allies and has its own important economic and political interests. It is also an important national interest. These interests are also an important factor in determining the trend of their policies. In addition, in the South China Sea region, the United States, China and ASEAN have changed the power transfer and role in the process of striving for regional affairs, as well as the changes in the role of power, as well as the great powers outside the region, such as Japan. The influence of the India and Russia on the region's involvement in the United States has been influenced by the changes in American policy. It is also pointed out that the United States' action in the South China Sea is affected by various institutional treaties, most of which are conducive to the United States' action in the region. Over hegemonic discourse, to grasp the dominant power of discourse in the region.
In the coming period, the South China Sea Policy of the United States will continue to maintain its national interests as the core, including maintaining the military presence in the region, ensuring the safety of the waterway and preventing the changes brought by the rise of China. Obviously, the policy of the South China Sea in the United States is unfavourable to China as a whole. Effective policies are introduced to deal with the United States.

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D871.2;D822.3

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 劉麗華;從“南海問題”看美國東亞政策[D];吉林大學;2012年

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本文編號：1836548