本文選題：利益集團(tuán)　切入點(diǎn)：對(duì)外援助　出處：《東北師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：美國(guó)現(xiàn)行的政治體系中，國(guó)會(huì)、行政部門和司法部門共同組成了一個(gè)嚴(yán)密的政策系統(tǒng)。在其內(nèi)外政策的制定、決策和實(shí)施過(guò)程中，國(guó)會(huì)、行政部門和司法部門三者之間經(jīng)常性的發(fā)生互動(dòng)和聯(lián)系，而作為游離于國(guó)家政權(quán)體系之外的利益集團(tuán)，積極參與到美國(guó)政治決策的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)之中，不斷向國(guó)會(huì)、行政部門進(jìn)行政治游說(shuō)和院外活動(dòng)試圖影響美國(guó)的內(nèi)政外交，從中獲取一定的利益，成為美國(guó)政治活動(dòng)的重要影響因素之一。二戰(zhàn)后，作為美國(guó)外交政策的重要組成部分的對(duì)外援助政策，也日益成為利益集團(tuán)爭(zhēng)相參與其中，試圖影響其政策走向，從中獲取巨大利益的一塊“面包”。近些年來(lái)，利益集團(tuán)在美國(guó)對(duì)外援助政策走向方面的影響日趨明顯，已經(jīng)成為美國(guó)外交中的重要影響力量，帶來(lái)了許多國(guó)際關(guān)系的新變化，引起了國(guó)際政治、國(guó)際關(guān)系、發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)等領(lǐng)域?qū)W者的關(guān)注和巨大興趣。研究利益集團(tuán)在美國(guó)對(duì)外援助中的影響作用并作出合理的評(píng)估，將有助于我們認(rèn)識(shí)美國(guó)對(duì)外援助政策的本質(zhì)和價(jià)值取向，從而為我國(guó)制定相關(guān)外援政策提供一些可資借鑒的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和啟示。 本文寫(xiě)作框架主要包括五部分的內(nèi)容，具體的行文思路如下： 第一部分是緒論部分，主要內(nèi)容包括本文的寫(xiě)作緣由及其選題意義；梳理和總結(jié)了目前國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)界對(duì)這一問(wèn)題的一個(gè)研究現(xiàn)狀；最后，就利益集團(tuán)的概念進(jìn)行了集中的分析和闡釋。第二部分主要探討了利益集團(tuán)影響美國(guó)對(duì)外援助政策的原因，具體從美國(guó)實(shí)行的“三權(quán)分立”的政治制度構(gòu)架、美國(guó)獨(dú)特的選舉政治、美國(guó)社會(huì)多元開(kāi)放的文化和意識(shí)形態(tài)方面的雙重考慮等四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了初步的梳理和總結(jié)。第三部分集中分析了影響美國(guó)對(duì)外援助的利益集團(tuán)，主要將影響美國(guó)對(duì)外援助的利益集團(tuán)分為六大類，，即政黨、經(jīng)濟(jì)利益集團(tuán)、種族和宗教利益集團(tuán)、公共利益集團(tuán)、非政府性的研究機(jī)構(gòu)和外國(guó)利益集團(tuán)。第四部分是本文的重點(diǎn)，主要對(duì)利益集團(tuán)對(duì)美國(guó)對(duì)外援助政策的影響進(jìn)行一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)要的評(píng)析，認(rèn)為利益集團(tuán)在對(duì)美國(guó)外援政策的影響上存在不均衡性和局限性。最后一部分是全文的一個(gè)小結(jié)，主要是對(duì)利益集團(tuán)在美國(guó)對(duì)外援助政策中的影響和作用的展望。
[Abstract]:In the current political system of the United States, Congress, the executive branch and the judiciary together form a rigorous policy system. In the process of making, making and implementing internal and external policies, Congress, There is regular interaction and contact between the executive branch and the judiciary, and as an interest group outside the system of state power, they actively participate in all aspects of US political decision-making and continue to come to Congress. The executive branch made political lobbying and outside activities in an attempt to influence the internal and foreign affairs of the United States, thus obtaining certain benefits, which became one of the important influential factors in the political activities of the United States. After the second World War, Foreign aid policy, an important part of the United States foreign policy, has increasingly become a piece of bread in which interest groups are competing to influence the direction of their policies and derive enormous benefits from them. The influence of interest groups on the direction of US foreign aid policy has become increasingly evident, and has become an important influential force in US diplomacy, which has brought about many new changes in international relations and caused international politics and international relations. Research on the role of interest groups in US foreign aid and making a reasonable assessment will help us understand the nature and value orientation of US foreign aid policy. Thus, it can provide some experience and enlightenment for our country to formulate the relevant foreign aid policy. The frame of this thesis mainly includes five parts, and the specific ideas are as follows:. The first part is the introduction part, the main content includes the writing reason of this article and its significance; combing and summing up the current domestic and foreign academic research on this issue; finally, The second part mainly discusses the reasons for the influence of interest groups on the foreign aid policy of the United States, and concretely discusses the political framework of the "separation of powers" implemented by the United States. The unique election politics of the United States, the dual consideration of the cultural and ideological aspects of the pluralistic and open society in the United States are preliminarily sorted out and summarized. The third part focuses on the analysis of interest groups that affect the United States' foreign aid. The interest groups that affect US foreign aid are divided into six categories, namely, political parties, economic interest groups, ethnic and religious interest groups, and public interest groups. Non-government research institutions and foreign interest groups. Part 4th is the focus of this paper. It mainly reviews the impact of interest groups on US foreign aid policy. The last part is a summary of the whole paper, mainly about the influence and function of interest groups in American foreign aid policy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D871.2

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