重訂日本外史_賴山陽(yáng)與《日本外史》
本文關(guān)鍵詞：賴山陽(yáng)與《日本外史》，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。
賴山陽(yáng)與《日本外史》
賴山陽(yáng)與《日本外史》
江戶時(shí)代后期史家、漢詩(shī)人、思想家賴山陽(yáng)(1780—1832),無論在其生前還是身后,都是頗有爭(zhēng)議的怪杰,而使其“身后聲名壓前哲”、“大義陽(yáng)秋窮后筆”的,正是其代表作《日本外史》。作為幕末學(xué)塾的初級(jí)教材,《日本外史》文筆出眾,質(zhì)實(shí)易讀,是當(dāng)時(shí)日本知識(shí)分子的必讀物,也是整個(gè)19世紀(jì)日本人最愛讀的史書。該書對(duì)幕末的尊王攘夷與倒幕維新,以及日后日本走上對(duì)外擴(kuò)張的道路,都起著重要的精神推動(dòng)作用。江戶時(shí)代是日本漢學(xué)的全盛期。尤其到江戶后期,一些知識(shí)分子已經(jīng)敢于在詩(shī)文才學(xué)上與中國(guó)文人一較長(zhǎng)短,獨(dú)霸關(guān)西文壇的賴山陽(yáng)便是其中之尤者。賴山陽(yáng)的畢生心血《日本外史》,以中國(guó)史學(xué)思想與文學(xué)技巧演繹日本歷史,代表了日本漢學(xué)的最高成就。本文首先介紹賴山陽(yáng)的時(shí)代背景與生平經(jīng)歷,然后著眼于《日本外史》,從思想特點(diǎn)、敘事手法、史論等方面對(duì)是書加以解讀,最后針對(duì)中日學(xué)界對(duì)《日本外史》的固有認(rèn)識(shí)做個(gè)總評(píng)。本文觀點(diǎn)新穎,是筆者在對(duì)《日本外史》反復(fù)閱讀的基礎(chǔ)上經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)期深思完成的,是當(dāng)前國(guó)內(nèi)在該領(lǐng)域較為詳盡的研究成果,具有一定的學(xué)術(shù)意 義和參考價(jià)值。本文共分五章：第一章是緒論,闡述筆者的選題背景、動(dòng)機(jī)與意 義,介紹中日學(xué)界對(duì)該不足的研究近況,闡明了本文主旨。第二章論述賴山陽(yáng)的時(shí)代背景,分為三節(jié)。第一節(jié)概述當(dāng)時(shí)的政治形勢(shì)與社會(huì)風(fēng)潮,著眼于田沼意次與松平定信的政治沉浮,以及隨之而來的“化政文化”。第二節(jié)是江戶時(shí)代思想史概述,介紹了漢學(xué)、國(guó)學(xué)以及水戶學(xué)的發(fā)展情況。第三節(jié)介紹賴山陽(yáng)之前的日本史學(xué),以17世紀(jì)初江戶幕府的建立劃分成前后兩個(gè)時(shí)期分別論述。第三章共兩節(jié),分別介紹賴山陽(yáng)的生平經(jīng)歷與《日本外史》的編撰過程。第四章是本文的核心部分,筆者從大處著眼,針對(duì)《日本外史》六個(gè)方面,分六節(jié)分別論述。第一節(jié)著眼于“新田氏前記”,論述《外史》以南朝為正統(tǒng)的思想特點(diǎn)。第二節(jié)著眼于“新田氏前記楠氏”,推本溯源,結(jié)合具體事例,指出《外史》塑造的楠木正成形象是后世武士道與軍國(guó)主義的精神圖騰。第三節(jié)著眼于《外史》史論中的進(jìn)步思想,將之概括為“時(shí)勢(shì)”、“地勢(shì)”、“形勢(shì)”三種加以論述。第四節(jié)論說《外史》的浪漫主義與英雄主義思想。第五節(jié)節(jié)選《明史》與《外史》中有關(guān)露梁海之戰(zhàn)的記述相比較,指出《外史》強(qiáng)烈的民族主義與國(guó)家主義思想。第六節(jié)著眼于《外史》的門閥觀念,結(jié)合時(shí)代特點(diǎn)剖析利害,并指出山陽(yáng)為此的主觀動(dòng)機(jī)。第五章是文章的最后部分,略述筆者研究《日本外史》時(shí)產(chǎn)生的一點(diǎn)想法。本章針對(duì)當(dāng)前日本學(xué)界對(duì)《外史》的錯(cuò)誤評(píng)價(jià),仗義直言,并淺析淺析了其中理由,指出近代以來中國(guó)文化以及中文的失勢(shì),是日本人錯(cuò)評(píng)《外史》的客觀理由；而同時(shí)期由于日本侵略所導(dǎo)致的中日間民族成見,是《外史》難以得到公正對(duì)待的主觀理由。文章最后預(yù)言,當(dāng)中國(guó)人能夠接受《外史》、喜愛《外史》之時(shí),也是該書翻身之日。
【Abstract】 Sanyou Rai(1780-1832), the historian、Sinologist、and thinker of Edo epoch, is a monster sacre during his lifetime and after his death in Japanese history. The thing which bring honour to him, exactly is his representative work:<NIHON GAISHI>. As the junior teaching material of Tokugawa shogunate,<NIHON GAISHI> have the excellent style of writing, won universal praise at that time, was the best liked history book in 19th century.<NIHON GAISHI> produced giant effect on the Meiji Reformation.Edo epoch was the heyday of Sinologist in Japanese history. Especially at the later stage of Edo epoch, some Japanese literati have great attainments on Sinologist, and even never worse than Chinese literati, Sanyou Rai was quite right the one. As the masterwork of Sanyou Rai,<NIHON GAISHI> was writed in classical Chinese, its theory is Chinese historiography, stood for the highest achievement of Japanese Sinology.This thesis focus on Sanyou Rai and <NIHON GAISHI>, is constituted by five chapter:The 1st chapter is introduction. Introduce the related situation and the intent of author.The 2nd chapter is constituted by three part, introduce the age of Sanyou Rai. The 1st part introduce political situation and social development. The 2nd part discuss the ideology and learning of Edo epoch. The 3rd part introduce the general situation of Japanese historiography before Sanyou Rai.The 3rd chapter is constituted by three part, introduce the lifetime of Sanyou Rai and the writing process of <NIHON GAISHI>.The 4th chapter is the core of this thesis, constituted by six part. The 1st part focus on " NITTASHISEIKI". The 2nd part focus on " NITTASHIZENKI" " NANSHI", pinpoint the image of Masashige Kusunoki in<NIHON GAISHI>, became the totem of samurai spirit afterwards. The 3rd part introduce the progressive thought in <NIHON GAISHI>. The 4th part introduce the romantic and heroic conception of history in <NIHON GAISHI>. The 5th part introduce national sentiments and patriotic feeling of <NIHON GAISHI>. The 6th part introduce the pedigree sense of <NIHON GAISHI>.The 5th chapter is the last part of this thesis, expound some idea which produced by author between writing. This chapter analyse the causes of the situation:why modern Japanese education circles could not give an equitable evaluate to <NIHON GAISHI>, and show the hinge for the book.
【關(guān)鍵詞】 賴山陽(yáng)； 日本外史； 日本漢學(xué)； 日本史學(xué)； 江戶時(shí)代后期；【Key words】 Sanyou Rai； NIHON GAISHI； Japanese Sinology； Japanese historiography； The later stage of Edo epoch；
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本文關(guān)鍵詞：賴山陽(yáng)與《日本外史》，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。
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