發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-19 20:59

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 齊思和 民國(guó)史學(xué) 中西比較 社會(huì)史 學(xué)術(shù)評(píng)論　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：齊思和是民國(guó)史壇上的少壯派學(xué)者之一。他不僅國(guó)學(xué)根基深厚,還受過(guò)西方科學(xué)方法的訓(xùn)練,是二十世紀(jì)上半葉留美學(xué)者中的杰出代表�；谶@樣的背景,齊思和在中國(guó)史和世界史的研究上均取得了令人矚目的業(yè)績(jī),尤其對(duì)先秦史和世界中世紀(jì)史造詣?lì)H深。 齊思和對(duì)民國(guó)新史學(xué)的理論方法建設(shè)有拓新之功。在引介西學(xué)方面,齊思和及時(shí)介紹反映西方史學(xué)發(fā)展動(dòng)向的作品,將最新的國(guó)外史學(xué)思想和方法輸入到國(guó)內(nèi)。同時(shí)還對(duì)國(guó)史改造的途徑和步驟、社會(huì)史的研究方法有具體闡述,這就構(gòu)建了一套相對(duì)系統(tǒng)的史學(xué)理論與研究方法的體系。 在先秦史研究上,齊思和從社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)史、制度史、思想史三個(gè)向度著力探索：將經(jīng)濟(jì)史研究與社會(huì)形態(tài)、社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)、社會(huì)生活相結(jié)合,挖掘整個(gè)社會(huì)和全體人民的經(jīng)濟(jì)生活,超越了傳統(tǒng)的食貨之學(xué)；通過(guò)對(duì)先秦制度的考證,揭示制度與社會(huì)變革之間的關(guān)系,而不局限于還原澄清某項(xiàng)制度的史實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)；在思想史研究上,齊思和對(duì)五行說(shuō)、西周政治思想、儒家思想進(jìn)行考析,重新梳理先秦思想的流變,尤能將制度變遷與思想嬗遞加以貫通考察。 無(wú)論是對(duì)先秦經(jīng)濟(jì)史的掘發(fā)、制度史的探研,還是思想史的考析,齊思和的研究都體現(xiàn)出兩個(gè)鮮明的特點(diǎn)：一是擅長(zhǎng)中西比較,即將中國(guó)歷史同外國(guó)歷史溝通起來(lái),對(duì)中外相類(lèi)的歷史現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行比較,從外國(guó)關(guān)于中國(guó)的研究中推進(jìn)本土學(xué)者的研究。二是考據(jù)(史料)與社會(huì)史(史觀)兼顧,既有對(duì)具體現(xiàn)象、細(xì)節(jié)的辨析考訂,又有對(duì)重要制度、重大變遷的宏觀探索,走出了一條歷史研究的融合會(huì)通之路。 民國(guó)時(shí)期,報(bào)刊雜志成為學(xué)術(shù)成果輸出傳播、學(xué)者間溝通交流的主要媒介,成為史學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)化的一個(gè)重要面相。齊思和在擔(dān)任《史學(xué)年報(bào)》、《燕京學(xué)報(bào)》、《燕京社會(huì)科學(xué)》主編期間,以刊物為平臺(tái),以平等、開(kāi)放的學(xué)術(shù)眼光為引力,將相關(guān)學(xué)人聚合在一起切磋學(xué)術(shù)。以“書(shū)評(píng)”論學(xué)術(shù)更是塑造了一種全新的學(xué)術(shù)評(píng)價(jià)機(jī)制。 對(duì)于民國(guó)史學(xué)界,齊思和從史學(xué)風(fēng)氣和史學(xué)著作層面進(jìn)行了評(píng)議。他梳理總結(jié)“新史學(xué)”的脈絡(luò)和得失,洞察到掌故派和社會(huì)史派各自存在的缺失并提出建議,闡釋專(zhuān)題研究和通史編纂的關(guān)系,指出歷史教學(xué)的諸多弊端。同時(shí),他還對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)國(guó)內(nèi)外具有代表性的史學(xué)著作進(jìn)行評(píng)介,無(wú)論是馬克思主義學(xué)者還是外國(guó)學(xué)者,無(wú)論是考據(jù)作品還是社會(huì)史論著,齊思和都能公允評(píng)價(jià)。 在民國(guó)學(xué)界,齊思和還擁有眾多志同道合的師友,這些師友不僅豐富著齊思和的學(xué)術(shù)生活,更不同程度地影響著他的學(xué)術(shù)道路。范文瀾的文史課程為齊思和打下了扎實(shí)的國(guó)史基礎(chǔ),是齊思和學(xué)術(shù)生涯起步期的引導(dǎo)者；顧頡剛的疑古辨?zhèn)沃鲉l(fā)齊思和走上古史研究的道路；洪業(yè)是一位識(shí)才愛(ài)才的好伯樂(lè),他推薦齊思和前往哈佛學(xué)習(xí)美國(guó)史,使其有機(jī)會(huì)身臨其境地領(lǐng)悟西方史學(xué)的真義。上述諸人成為齊思和取得卓越成就的重要輔翼。 齊思和在民國(guó)史學(xué)的現(xiàn)代化轉(zhuǎn)型中扮演了不可忽視的角色。他博采中西史學(xué)之長(zhǎng),既善于作比較研究,又善于借用歷史的輔助學(xué)科和相關(guān)學(xué)科的研究方法；他將先秦社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)史與制度史、思想史作綜合研究,主張專(zhuān)題研究與社會(huì)史的合一；他編辦學(xué)術(shù)刊物、倡導(dǎo)批評(píng)風(fēng)氣,推動(dòng)了學(xué)術(shù)運(yùn)作的制度性建設(shè)。上述作為使齊思和成為現(xiàn)代中國(guó)史學(xué)重要參與者和塑造者之一,在風(fēng)云際會(huì)、群星閃耀的民國(guó)史壇上流下了無(wú)法抹去的身影。
[Abstract]:Qi Sihe is the history of the Republic of China on the altar of the young group is one of the scholars. He not only Ancient Chinese Literature Search deep, also with western scientific methods of training, is the first half of the twentieth Century outstanding representative scholars studied in America. Based on this background, Qi Si and study in China history and world history has made a remarkable achievement. Especially for the pre Qin history and medieval history of the world has deep attainments.
Qi thought and theoretical methods of the construction of the new history of the Republic of new extension work. In the introduction of Western learning, and the timely introduction of Qi Si historical development trends of Western works, the latest foreign ideas and methods of historical input to the domestic. At the same time also ways and steps of history transformation, research methods of social history detail, it constructs a relatively systematic historical theory and research methods of the system.
In the pre Qin history research, and Qi Si from the social and economic history, history of system, history of thought from three dimensions to explore: the study of economic history and social structure, social structure, social life and the combination of mining, the society and the people's economic life, beyond the Shihuo school tradition; through to the pre Qin the system of research, to reveal the relationship between system and social change, but is not limited to a reduction of clarification of facts and details of the system; in the study of the history of thought, and on the five Qi Si said, the Western Zhou Dynasty political thought, Confucian thought of rheological analysis, re combing pre Qin thoughts, especially the institutional change with the transformation of thought to be through investigation.
Whether it is on the economic history of pre excavation, exploration of the institutional history and thought history analysis, and Qi Si's research has shown two distinct characteristics: one is good at the comparison, is Chinese history with foreign history of Sino foreign communication, historical phenomenon similar compared to advance the study of local scholars from foreign research on the China. Two is the textual (historical) and social history (History) into account, both on the specific details of the phenomenon of textual research, and to explore the important system, macro major changes, out of a fusion of historical research on the road.
The period of the Republic of China, newspapers and magazines as output dissemination of academic achievements, the main media communication among scholars, has become an important sign of history specialization. And Qi Si as "historical annual > > < < Journal of Yanjing Yanjing, during the period of Social Science > editor, with publications as the platform, based on equality and open academic vision for gravity, relevant scholars together. To learn from academic book review on academic is shaping a new academic evaluation mechanism.
For the historian, Qi Si and conducted a review from the historical atmosphere and historical works. He summarizes the level of "new history" of the development and the pros and cons, insight into the social history and anecdotes sent sent missing their existing and proposed the relationship between thematic studies and history compilation interpretation, pointed out many problems in the history teaching at the same time. He also made comments on at that time, the domestic and foreign representative historical works, whether it is the Marx doctrine scholars and foreign scholars, both textual works or social history, and can evaluate the Cees fair.
In the academic circles, and Qi Si also has a number of like-minded friends, these friends not only enrich Qi Si and academic life, even affect his academic road. Fan Wenlan's history curriculum has laid a solid foundation for the history and Qi Si, is Qi Si and academic career started guide; his suspicion of classics of Qi Si and inspired study of ancient history of the road; Hong industry is a know just love good horses, he recommended Qi Si and go to Harvard to study the history of the United States, to have the opportunity to personally on the scene to understand the true meaning of western historiography. These people become an important assistant of Qi Si and outstanding achievements.
Play a role can not be ignored in the history of the Qi Si and the modern transformation of Chinese and western historiography. He drew long, both good for comparative study, research methods and ability to use the auxiliary discipline of history and related disciplines; he will pre Qin society economic history and the history of the system, a comprehensive study of the history of thought, advocated the monographic study with the social history of unity; his office of academic journals, advocating criticism atmosphere, promote the system construction of academic works. As the Qi thought and become one of the modern history, Chinese important participants and shapers in the meeting of wind and clouds stars of the history of the Republic of China, the altar shed can not erase the figure.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K092

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