【摘要】：專家是"社會良心",專家信任是社會信任的最后一道屏障。為考察我國專家信任的現(xiàn)狀、影響因素并探索重建策略,本文進(jìn)行了實(shí)證研究。調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn):在"公眾理解科學(xué)"方面,公眾已經(jīng)認(rèn)識到科學(xué)的可錯性、條件依賴性和局限性;在科技信息傳播方面,新媒體取代傳統(tǒng)媒體成為公眾獲取科技信息的首要渠道,而地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)程度與公眾對科技信息和專家的信任程度相關(guān)。公眾并不信任專家,但陷入了不信任卻又不得不信任的"豪豬困境",專家則面臨著"無論說什么、無論怎么說,公眾都不信"的"專家塔西佗陷阱"。"人格信任"走向"系統(tǒng)信任"的時代背景規(guī)定了這一"豪豬困境"和"專家塔西佗陷阱"的基本特征;二者相互作用,其溢出效應(yīng)將導(dǎo)致更大范圍的社會危機(jī)。消除"利益關(guān)聯(lián)"是專家獲取信任的關(guān)鍵因素,強(qiáng)化專家與公眾之間常規(guī)的直接互動、提高傳媒準(zhǔn)門檻、規(guī)范新媒體報道等,有助于建構(gòu)一個開放、透明、風(fēng)險共擔(dān)的"命運(yùn)共同體",有助于"豪豬困境"、"專家塔西佗陷阱"的突破和專家信任的重建。
[Abstract]:Experts are "social conscience", and expert trust is the last barrier to social trust. In order to investigate the present situation and influencing factors of expert trust in China and explore the reconstruction strategy, this paper makes an empirical study. It is found that in the aspect of "public understanding of science", the public has realized the error, conditional dependence and limitation of science. In the aspect of scientific and technological information dissemination, new media has replaced the traditional media as the primary channel for the public to obtain scientific and technological information, and the degree of regional economic development is related to the degree of public trust in scientific and technological information and experts. The public does not trust experts, but is in a "porcupine dilemma" where they do not trust but have to trust. Experts face the "Tacitus trap" of "no matter what they say, no matter what they say". " The background of personality trust moving towards "system trust" defines the basic characteristics of this "porcupine dilemma" and "expert Tacitus trap", and the spillover effect of the two will lead to a wider social crisis. Eliminating the "relationship of interests" is the key factor for experts to gain trust, strengthen the conventional direct interaction between experts and the public, raise the quasi-threshold of the media, standardize new media reports, and so on, which is conducive to the construction of an open and transparent. The "community of shared destiny" is helpful to the breakthrough of "porcupine dilemma", the breakthrough of "expert Tacitus trap" and the reconstruction of expert trust.
【作者單位】： 浙江大學(xué)光華法學(xué)院;浙江大學(xué)科技與法律研究中心;東南大學(xué)哲學(xué)與科學(xué)系;
【基金】：教育部哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)研究重大課題攻關(guān)項目“科學(xué)精神、科學(xué)道德、科研倫理和學(xué)術(shù)規(guī)范的重塑和構(gòu)建研究”(12JZD045) 國家社科基金青年項目“道德判斷的實(shí)驗(yàn)哲學(xué)研究”(15CZX017) “浙江大學(xué)爭創(chuàng)優(yōu)秀博士學(xué)位論文資助”(201502)
【分類號】：C913

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